The unofficial closing bells put the DJIA down more than 22 points to 12,734.63 (-0.18%), the NASDAQ fell about 13 points (-0.46%) to 2,805.28, and the S&P 500 fell -0.57% or nearly 7 points to 1,318.45.

There were several analyst upgrades and downgrades today, including General Dynamics Corp. (NYSE: GD) cut to ‘perform’ at Oppenheimer; Vale S.A. (NYSE: VALE) cut to ‘hold’ at Deutsche Bank; Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Inc. (NASDAQ: GMCR) started as ‘perform’ at Williams Capital; Corning Inc. (NYSE: GLW) cut to ‘underweight’ at Morgan Stanley; and Chesapeake Energy Corp. (NYSE: CHK) cut to ‘underweight’ at JPMorgan.

Earnings reports since markets closed on last night have led to some price changes as of the last half hour of trading today: Airgas Inc. (NYSE: ARG) is down -3.66% at $77.29; Arctic Cat Inc. (NASDAQ: ACAT) is up more than 19% at $28.40 after posting a new 52-week high of $29.20 earlier today; AT&T Inc. (NYSE: T) is down -2.65% at $29.41; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (NYSE: BMY) is down -0.92% at $32.40; Caterpillar Inc. (NYSE: CAT) is up 1.95% at $111.18; Cypress Semiconductor Corp. (NASDAQ: CY) is down more than -11% at $17.03; Lockheed Martin Corp. (NYSE: LMT) is up 0.95% at $82.51; McCormick & Co. Inc. (NYSE: MKC) is up 0.90% at $78.55; Monster Worldwide Inc. (NYSE: MWW) is down more than -20% at $7.18; Potash Corp. of Saskatchewan Inc. (NYSE: POT) is up 1.61% at $45.96; and Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN) is up 0.34% at $49.88.

Other standouts from today include the following stocks:

VIST Financial Corp. (NASDAQ: VIST) is up more than 62% at $11.20 after posting a new 52-week high of $11.50 earlier today. The bank holding company has agreed to be acquired by Tompkins Financial Corp. (AMEX: TMP) in an all-stock deal at an 86% premium to last night’s closing price, or about $85 million.

RealNetworks Inc. (NASDAQ: RNWK) is up more than 35% at $9.98. The digital media company has sold a video codec and a number of patents to Intel Corp. (NASDAQ: INTC) for $120 million.

Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: MNTA) is down nearly -21% at $15.13. The biotechnology company lost its bid for an injunction against certain competitors.

Netflix Inc. (NASDAQ: NFLX) is up about 22% at $116.01. The digital video streaming and rental company reported a better-than-expected number of new subscribers after markets closed last night.

Enterprise Financial Services Corp. (NASDAQ: EFSC) is down more than -19% at $12.51. The bank holding company will restate earnings for 2010 and the first three quarters of 2011 and expects to dilute 2010 earnings by half as a result.

Stay tuned for Friday. New York Fed President William Dudley is giving a speech in the morning. We have noted the following events on the schedule (all times Eastern):

• 8:30 a.m. – US GDP report
• 9:55 a.m. – Reuters/University of Michigan consumer sentiment index

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Paul Ausick

In the age of austerity and military budgets being slashed to deal with deficits, Iran has a chance of turning 2012 accidentally into the year of defense stocks. Alliant Techsystems Inc. (NYSE: ATK), General Dynamics Corp. (NYSE: GD), L-3 Communications Holdings Inc. (NYSE: LLL), Lockheed Martin Corporation (NYSE: LMT) and Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN) could all hang in the balance. With operations all but gone in Iraq and with the trend in Afghanistan being one of leaving, Iran is the obvious wild card.

If anything real ever comes out of Iran’s religious political leadership other than how neat it is to stone people over adultery, how it denies that alternative lifestyles exist in Iran, or about how it wants nuclear power for peace, this may end up making the sell-off seen in defense stocks a bargain of the century. If (or when) Iran ever announces that it has built a nuclear bomb, it likely is going to be difficult for Western nations to slash and burn too far on the defense spending. Before running out and loading up on warfare stocks, please remember … this is all “If, Then.”

Alliant Techsystems Inc. (NYSE: ATK) trades at $56.15 and the 52-week trading range is $51.26 to $78.17. Thomson Reuters has a consensus price target of $71.70, implying upside of roughly 28%. Alliant Tech currently has a lower dividend yield against peers with only a payout rate of about 1.4% and shares are up about 4% since the Thanksgiving break. Alliant is highly dependent on the business of selling bullets and it no longer has the booster-rocket business from Space Shuttle launches.

General Dynamics Corp. (NYSE: GD) trades at $66.15 and the 52-week trading range is $53.95 to $78.27. Thomson Reuters has a consensus price target of $76.16, implying upside of about 15%. General Dynamics currently yields about 2.9%.

L-3 Communications Holdings Inc. (NYSE: LLL) trades at $66.85 and the 52-week trading range is $58.30 to $88.55. Thomson Reuters has a consensus price target of $71.64, implying upside of only about 7%. L-3 yields about 2.7% in its dividend and shares are up about 5% from the Thanksgiving break.

Lockheed Martin Corp. (NYSE: LMT) trades at $81.25 and the 52-week trading range is $66.36 to $82.43. Thomson Reuters has a consensus price target of $80.12, implying that the stock is above a full-value price. Its dividend yield is quite high at about 5% and shares are up almost 5% since its $1.00 dividend was reflected in the stock in late November.

Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN) trades at $48.50 and the 52-week trading range is $38.35 to $53.12. Thomson Reuters has a consensus price target of $49.53, implying upside of only about 2%. Its dividend yield is currently about 3.7% and shares are up about 14% since the Thanksgiving break.

Unless something new comes out of North Korea, or unless there is more unrest in the Middle East, Iran is the big worry for the country today. With such high payouts from some defense contractors, it is worth wondering just how high some of the payouts can rise during the proliferation of austerity.

JON C. OGG

iShares MSCI South Korea Index (NYSE: EWY) tracks the performance of publicly traded securities in the South Korean markets inside the MSCI South Korea Index and its shares are down 3.75% at $49.80 against a 52-week range of $40.65 to $69.99.

There are also two more fund vehicles via and ETF called The Korea Fund Inc. (NYSE: KF), down 2.4% at $39.54, and the closed-end fund called the Korea Equity Fund Inc. (NYSE: KEF) which is down 2,2% at $8.78.  Both generally have very light trading volume.  A much smaller and often illiquid play is the IQ South Korea Small Cap ETF (NYSE: SKOR) and its shares are down 5% at $25.59 against a 52-week range of $22.90 to $35.68.

There are three active and large ADRs from South Korea that we track which have NYSE share listings: POSCO (NYSE: PKX), the Korean steel giant, is down 2.9% at $81.47 and the 52-week range is $70.47 to $118.00; Korea Electric Power Corp. (NYSE: KEP) is down 2.3% at $11.28 and its 52-week range is $8.22 to $15.25; and finally SK Telecom Co. Ltd. (NYSE: SKM) is down 2.25% at $13.82 against a 52-week range of $13.35 to $20.29.

Trying to make any bold prediction about what leadership will rise and what policies will come ahead would be like asking a gunslinger to lead a charity fundraiser for children.  Of the defense sector, Alliant Techsystems Inc. (NYSE: ATK) is a top ammunition maker and its shares are up 1% at $55.99 and rocket-maker and missile-maker Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN) is up 1.2% at $46.07.  Any coincidence?

JON C. OGG

AEGON N.V. (NYSE: AEG) Cut to Neutral at Goldman Sachs.
AutoZone, Inc. (NYSE: AZO) named Momentum stock of the day at Zacks.
Barrick Gold Corporation (NYSE: ABX) named as Value stock of the day at Zacks.
FTI Consulting, Inc. (NYSE: FCN) named Bull of the Day at Zacks.
PepsiCo, Inc. (NYSE: PEP) Reiterated Buy at Gabelli & Co.
RadioShack Corporation (NYSE: RSH) named Bear of the Day at Zacks.
Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN) maintained Hold at Argus.
ReneSola Ltd. (NYSE: SOL) maintained Neutral but cut target to $2 at Credit Suisse.
Walgreen Co. (NYSE: WAG) Reiterated Buy at Gabelli & Co.

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JON C. OGG

The US House-Senate budget reduction committee, or the ‘super committee’, that is charged with recommending $1.5 trillion in budget cuts over the next 10 years has just another 10 days to deliver its recommendations before automatic cuts of $1.2 trillion kick in. If the committee fails to agree on cuts, the automatic cuts fall equally among defense spending and a variety of programs that are together lumped under the heading discretionary spending.The discretionary spending cuts would likely come from federal programs that aid the poor, education, and the elderly.

No specific cuts have been identified in the legislation that created the super committee, but to achieve $600 billion in cuts over ten years is sure to cause some pain to a variety of constituencies. That amount is increased by the $350 billion in cuts already approved by Congress over the next ten years. Trying to discern where a publicly traded company might get hurt by impending cuts is, at this point, pretty much guesswork.

On the defense end, cuts are far more likely to have an effect on publicly traded companies that have significant federal defense contracts for everything from fighter planes to software. The following chart shows the top ten defense contractors in 2011, together with the total amount of their contracts, as derived from 2010 contract levels:

Privately held DynCorp International Inc. falls just above H-P, at $2.4 billion. Excluding DynCorp, the top ten contractors are slated to post sales of $47.6 billion in federal contracts in 2011. The top ten in 2010 posted sales of $68.2 billion. So far in 2011, a total of more than $196 billion in defense contracts have been awarded. The total in 2010 reached $247 billion, and that number is almost surely out of reach for this year.

Cuts to defense spending have already begun, as the US winds down its presence in Iraq and prepares to do the same in Afghanistan. Not including the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Pentagon budget for 2011 reached nearly $550 billion.

Read America’s Most Overpaid CEOs

24/7 Wall St. obtained the list of companies with the 100 highest paid CEOs from GMI, an independent governance ratings firm. The CEOs’ total compensation includes base salary, perks, cash bonuses, equity awards and any increase in pensions and other retirement benefits. We then looked at the stock performance of these companies during 2010. We got the stock performance data from Capital IQ. Our list is comprised of those companies whose CEOs were among the highest paid during 2010, yet their stocks performed the worst and had the largest price drops that same year. We excluded chief executives who are no longer with their company, like Mark Hurd of Hewlett-Packard (NYSE: HPQ), who might have otherwise made the list.

Once again, this list makes it clear that shareholders who cannot effectively vote to have management removed are saddled not only with those ineffectual executives, but also with their pay packages. The notion of “pay for performance” is still not applied systematically among America’s largest public companies. There is no sign that the SEC or any other regulator is likely to change the method by which CEOs at public companies are compensated, so next year, there will be another 24/7 Wall St. Most Overpaid CEOs.

AmerisourceBergen Corporation (NYSE: ABC) Cut to Hold at Citigroup.
Cameron International Corporation (NYSE: CAM) Raised to Outperform at Credit Suisse.
Celanese Corporation (NYSE: CE) Raised to Outperform as Bull of the Day at Zacks.
Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) Reiterated Buy and Raised Target to $125 at Argus.
EMC Corporation (NYSE: EMC) Raised to Outperform at Oppenheimer.
Federated Investors, Inc. (NYSE: FII) Maintained Underperform as Bear of the Day at Zacks.
Oceaneering International Inc. (NYSE: OII) Cut to Neutral at Credit Suisse.
RadioShack Corporation (NYSE: RSH) Raised to Conviction Buy List at Goldman Sachs.
Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN) Raised to Outperform at Bernstein.
Realty Income Corporation (NYSE: O) Raised to Neutral at Credit Suisse.
Skilled Healthcare Group, Inc. (NYSE: SKH) Cut to Market Perform at Morgan Keegan.
Sun Healthcare Group Inc. (NASDAQ: SUNH) Cut to Market Perform at Morgan Keegan; Cut to Neutral at Credit Suisse.
Vanguard Health Systems, Inc. (NYSE: VHS) Started as Outperform at Wells Fargo; Started as Overweight at Barclays.
Veolia Environment (NYSE: VE) Cut to Neutral at Goldman Sachs.
Vodafone Group plc (NYSE: VOD) Raised to Buy at UBS.

You are invited to join our free daily email distribution list to hear more about analyst upgrades and downgrades, top day trader and active trader alerts, dividend trends, news on Buffett and other investment gurus, IPOs, secondary offerings, private equity, and more.

JON C. OGG

Question: What is your investment process and how do you derive value today?

Our process seeks to uncover value stocks in virtually any market, including the volatile markets of today. The process includes three steps:

• 1. Screen for financially sound large cap companies with rising revenues, rising earnings, low debt to equity, favorable price to earnings, and favorable price to book ratios.
• 2. From that group, select only dividend paying stocks.
• 3. Add a covered call strategy on all stocks in the portfolio, to supplement cash from dividends.

Question: How does covered call strategy help in volatile market?

Our covered call strategy is more art than science. What it does is protect the downside somewhat at the expense of full participation in a large upside. We write calls on about a third of each of the stocks in our portfolio. We track our stocks to see if their movements reflect what the wider market is doing or if a stock is really going down on its own. In the latter case, we may dump the stock, but our loss is buffered by the covered calls we have issued in the past.

Question: When you screen for value, which two sectors are you finding to be the best?

The insurance sector and the consumer products sector present good value today. The energy sector is also displaying several stocks with good value.

Question: What are three of your top value stock picks and why?

We like Chevron Corp. (NYSE: CVX), Public Service Enterprise Group Inc. (NYSE: PEG), and Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN). Each of these stocks meets all our criteria (rising revenues, rising profits, low debt-to-equity, favorable P/E ratio and favorable price/book ratio) and each pays a nice dividend. Chevron’s dividend yield is 3.0%, Public Service Enterprise’s yield is 4.2%, and Raytheon’s is 3.4%.

Question: Raytheon seems like a risky recommendation, given the proposed cut of $400 billion in defense spending over the next 12 years.

We think that Raytheon is a good solid value, though perhaps more a tortoise than a hare. Its P/E is around 10 and its price-to-book is less than 2. We’re comfortable with those numbers.

Question: The fund also invests heavily in oil field services stock, which had a blowout year in 2010. This year the sector is doing considerably less well. Do you see some changes to the portfolio because of that?

Because we do a bottom-up analysis of our stocks, we don’t consciously try to overload on one sector or another. We hope for diversity, but we don’t push it. The oil field services sector is still a bread and butter area for us and we’ll stay with the stocks as long as they continue to pay dividends and as long as we don’t feel that they’re hurting our investors.

Question: With second quarter’s earnings season due to start next week, we’d like to know where you stand on second-quarter earnings and what’s your outlook on guidance?

We believe that corporate earnings will continue to show strength as a result of belt tightening, cost cutting, and debt reduction by many well-managed companies. Earnings will not reach record levels, but steady improvement will gradually lead us out toward full recovery — although we still have a long way to go.

Question: Value stocks fell victim to the recession just like the growth stocks, but do you expect them to hold up better than growth stocks and broader indexes (DJIA and S&P500) if the market rolls over again?

Value stocks will definitely hold up better in downside markets and volatile markets, especially stocks in those companies that pay dividends. When full recovery comes, growth stocks will probably be leaders on the upside. But as I said, we still have a long way to go before full recovery occurs.

Question: . Are there any special situations (M&A, spin-off, reorganization, etc.) out there that the market is either discounting entirely or has overlooked?

We assume continued market volatility for the forseeable future. We don’t know what will by the next Greek economic crisis, the next Japan earthquake disaster, the next Egypt or Libya political unrest, or how the politicians in our own country are going to handle the debt ceiling crisis, as well as the continued need for economic stimulus.

Therefore, we choose to stay the course and find good financially sound companies, who pay dividends and control their own debt. Special situations worry us because they involve too many unknown factors, which could be adversely impacted by the volatility flowing from whatever might be the next crisis.

Question: What do you mean when you say that more economic stimulus is needed?

I don’t necessarily mean a third round of quantitative easing. That’s a political question, and I don’t have a crystal ball that gives me any special insight into how that kind of question will be resolved.  But I will say that the future of the US economy depends on creating new jobs in the private sector. That will require capital investment on the part of US companies, and that will create more jobs and more spending.

Interview by Paul Ausick

Before just considering book value, we always look for more.  We looked for companies which are still expected to have respectable earnings growth.   Analysts expect next year earnings expansion ranging from Raytheon’s 12.8% to Kennametal’s 23.5% growth.  We have also considered a consensus price target from analysts for those companies which have implied upside for investors, and this group ranges from 16% to 33% upside.  We also only consider liquid issues, and the floor for this group was average daily trading volume exceeding 750,000 shares. Except where otherwise noted, the source for all performance and financial data is Finviz.com.

Eaton Corporation (NYSE: ETN) has a price to book value of 2.1  to 1.  Eaton’s market cap is almost $17 billion, ranking it second among these companies.  Its forward PE is about 10.5, placing it in the top-tier of these companies.  With a consensus target price of $60.96 from Thomson Reuters, Eaton has an implied upside exceeding 24%.  In Thursday trading Eaton’s shares closed at $48.85 and the 52-week price range is $30.65 to $56.12.  The power management company is now larger than what we would expect as an acquisition target as its market cap is north of $16 billion, so if you like Eaton it better be for its own merits. If analysts are right, that $60.96 would be an all-time high.  Our caveat in Eaton is that a substantial portion of its “value” in equity is tied to intangible assets and goodwill.

Kennametal Inc. (NYSE: KMT) posts a 2.2 to 1 price to book value.  This is sometimes a bit high by our count, but the specialty materials and metalworking outfit is one that has the right size and the right angle for many value investors.   Its market cap is $3.3 billion, making it the smallest company discussed here.  Its forward PE is less than 12.  With a consensus target price of $48.45, Kennametal has an implied upside of 19%.  In Thursday trading Kennametal shares closed at $40.63 and the 52-week trading range is $23.75 to $43.84.

Republic Services, Inc. (NYSE: RSG) boasts a 1.5 to 1 price to book value, best among these companies.  Imagine, value in garbage.  Its market cap is almost $12 billion.  Its forward PE is slightly less than 14.5 With a consensus target price of $36.17, Republic has an implied upside of 16%.  In yesterday’s trading Republic’s shares closed at $31.1, down 0.06%.  The 52-week price range is $27.33 to $33.10.  What is interesting about Republic is that its screened criteria made this one a stock which we said was one of our Ten Stocks To Own For The Next Decade.  Its rival Waste Management, Inc. (NYSE: WM) is often in the same boat and much of the value analysis is relative between the two companies.  This was also formerly a Warren Buffett stock, but it was still a Bill Gates holding when we last looked.

Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN)  sports a 1.7 to 1 price to book value. Its market cap exceeds $17 billion, largest among these companies.  Its forward PE is lower than 9, ranking it first among this list of companies.  With a consensus target price of $56.41, Raytheon has an implied upside of 16%. In Thursday trading Raytheon shares closed at $48.39, down 1.49%.  The 52-week price range is $41.60 to $52.67.  This defense stock was one of our higher-yield dividend defense stocks reviewed as the fighting in Libya escalated.  The maker of the Patriot Missile system and many other defense and war technologies also carries a large amount of goodwill and the reason it has low earnings multiples is because the Department of Defense is under significant budget pressure which is not going to go away.

Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. (NYSE: SWK) posts a 1.7 to 1 price to book value, placing it in the top-tier of these companies.  We do want to make the reminder that this tool-maker for builders and carpenters (and for you around your house) is now the “newly amalgamated” Stanley and Black & Decker after the merger.  The company is also still considered by many investors to be searching for acquisitions as well.  Its market cap is almost $12 billion and it carries a forward P/E ratio of less than 12.  With a consensus target price of $86.13, Stanley Black & Decker has an implied upside of 21%. In trading yesterday the company’s shares closed at $71.06 and the 52-week trading range is $47.64 to $77.75.

Timken Co. (NYSE: TKR)  posts a 2.3 to 1 price to book value. Its market cap is less than $5 billion, ranking it one of the smaller companies listed here.  The company is part of America’s core manufacturing as it makes bearings, seals, and many other internal components for machines and machinery.  Its forward PE is slightly greater than 10, placing it in the top-tier of these companies.  With a consensus target price of $64.86, the machine tool manufacturer has an implied upside of 33%.  In Thursday trading Timken’s shares closed at $48.65, and the 52-week price range is $24.45 to $57.60.  If the target price is realized by analysts, that will mark an all-time high.

While many companies have high balances of goodwill and intangible assets, we are currently looking for value among peers.  We are not considering liquidation values and therefore are not using the analogy that “You can’t pay your rent with goodwill.”

Warren Buffett was quoted back in the 1990s saying, “Your goal as an investor should simply be to purchase, at a rational price, a part interest in an easily-understandable business whose earnings are virtually certain to be materially higher five, ten and twenty years from now.”  We don’t go along with the Buffett model of forever any longer, but you get the idea.

This is also not a value review digging through the garbage heap.  As one investment manager said at The Value Investing Congress when asked about how she starts her screens for finding value stocks, “Actually, I usually start my screens by seeing which stocks have been hitting 52-week lows for a while.”  There would not be a value category of the growth trajectory was never interrupted and if problems had not arisen.

Elsewhere in recent value picks looking for book value discounts:

• Looking for Deep Value in Basic Materials
• Banks, Tech, and Others close-to or under book value

JON C. OGG & JIM BERDOU

The nation’s largest defense contractors are Lockheed Martin Corp. (NYSE: LMT), Boeing Co. (NYSE: BA), Northrop Grumman Corp. (NYSE: NOC), General Dynamics Corp. (NYSE: GD), Raytheon Co. (NYSE: RTN), and United Technologies Corp. (NYSE: UTX). What the Pentagon fears, of course, is that consolidation will reduce competition and drive up prices for weapons and materials at a time of declining budgets. The Pentagon appears to be calling for more patriotism and reduced attention to the bottom line.

The Defense Department is also not thrilled with the announced intention of Northrop Grumman to spin-off its shipbuilding business following the Navy’s decision to lower its targeted fleet growth. As The Wall Street Journal points out, Northrop’s Newport News shipyard is the sole maker of US nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.  It’s not likely that the Pentagon will let a contract to a Korean or Chinese shipbuilder to build the country’s defense fleet.

And while there have been no reports of mergers within the industry, a rumor floated around last year that Boeing may merger with Northrop. Boeing denied the rumor, saying the company was focused on organic growth.

What the Pentagon claims to be seeking with its new comments on mergers is transparency in the event a merger is proposed. That’s a pretty vague requirement. After all, how much transparency does the Pentagon really want above and beyond that already required by the SEC? Probably not much, but what the Pentagon might be angling for is some more active role in reviewing just what effects might come from a big merger.

For example, in the absence of a competitive bidder for a particular item, might the Pentagon want to enforce a fuller disclosure of the cost to build the item, thus limiting the margin to the contractor? Perhaps more detailed information on bids would be a good thing, but if there is no US-based competitor, what’s the alternative? Either the Pentagon wants the item or it doesn’t? Outsourcing a new radar system to China is out of the question.

What the Pentagon wants to avoid is consolidation at the top of the defense contractor list. It would welcome transactions that make defense firms more efficient. Falling budgets mean that the Pentagon will need to get more for what it spends. That, in itself, will be a difficult transition.

Paul Ausick