Economy

The Seven Most Popular Presidential Monuments

Last Friday, an unidentified person threw green paint on the Lincoln Memorial. Earlier today, a woman was arrested in connection with the act.

The Lincoln Memorial, which alone had nearly 6.2 million visitors last year, is not just the most visited presidential monument or memorial in the country, but the most visited memorial or monument of any kind in the country. 24/7 Wall St. reviewed some of the other memorials and monuments devoted to the U.S. presidents. Each site gets an average of more than 100,000 visitors each year, and combined, they get more than 13 million a year. Based on numbers from the National Park Service, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the seven presidential monuments and memorials that had the most visitors last year.

Click here to see the most popular presidential monuments

While most presidents, particularly the famous ones, have several historic visitor sites located all over the country, these are usually located at places that are specifically notable to the life of the president they are honoring. An example is the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park, which gets more than 150,000 visitors each year.

These seven monuments and memorials, on the other hand, are based primarily in Washington, D.C., where these men served, and where a larger number of visitors can be expected. Four of the top five memorials are located in Washington on or nearby the National Mall.

Most of these monuments were built in the late 19th century or in the first half of the 20th century. These monuments are all large, marble structures with columns. The few built after the 1950s, including the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial and the Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove, are less traditional. The FDR Memorial features a group of statues forming a bread line, commemorating the president’s actions during the Great Depression.

Combined, these memorials and monuments dedicated to presidents account for close to half of the combined 30.5 million visitors to national memorials and monuments each year. Other popular locations include sites dedicated to wars, like the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the World War II Memorial and the Korean War Memorial. Martin Luther King Jr.’s memorial also receives more than 2.6 million visitors each year.

Based on the National Park Service’s database of places, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the seven most popular memorials dedicated to presidents. To make the list, the site needed to receive more than 100,000 visitors each year, based on a five-year average between 2008 and 2012.

7. General Grant National Memorial
> Cornerstone laid: 1891
> Construction complete: 1897
> Cost to build: $600,000
> Admission fee: None
> Average annual visitors (2008-2012): 101,832

President Ulysses S. Grant and his wife are buried in the largest mausoleum in the United States, according to the National Park Service. It’s interesting that the memorial recognizes Grant’s military career and not his two terms as the 18th President of the United States. That does make a certain amount of sense: the general who led the Union victory in the Civil War is surely a more memorable character than the president who held office during the Credit Mobilier stock fraud and other scandals.

Also Read: America’s 10 Richest Presidents

6. Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac
> Construction begun: 1974
> Construction complete: 1976
> Cost to build: N/A
> Admission fee: None
> Average annual visitors: 317,069

The Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Grove sits both on the Potomac River and by the Mount Vernon Trail, which runs from George Washington’s estate, Mount Vernon, to Theodore Roosevelt Island. The grove consists of two parts, one of which includes the a massive, 43-ton granite block surrounded by various tree-shaded trails, while the other is a large, open meadow. The monument to the nation’s 36th president is located in Lady Bird Johnson park, named after his wife in 1968 for her work in beautifying the Capital and surrounding areas.

5. Washington Monument
> Construction begun: 1848
> Construction complete: 1885
> Cost to build: $1.188 million
> Admission fee: None
> Average annual visitors: 481,170

The monument to the country’s first president has been closed since August 2011 to repair earthquake damage. The cost of the repair has been estimated at $15 million, with half coming from a private donor and the other half from a federal grant. A restoration project begun in 1996 and completed in 2000 was supported by private donations totaling about $5 million. The obelisk itself is 555 feet high and, until the Eiffel tower was completed in 1889, the Washington Monument was the tallest man-made structure in the world.

4. Mount Rushmore National Memorial
> Construction begun: 1927
> Construction complete: 1941
> Cost to build: $989,992
> Admission fee: None
> Average annual visitors: 2,129,585

Few monument projects are larger — or took longer to build — than the Mount Rushmore National Memorial, located near Keystone, S.D. Work on the massive, iconic monument featuring the faces of Washington, Roosevelt, Lincoln and Jefferson began in 1927 and took 400 workers 14 years to build. The total cost was just under $1 million. According to the National Park Service, roughly 450,000 tons of rock, primarily granite, was carved from the face of the mountain. The park, which does not charge an entry fee, but does charge $11 for parking, has brought in more than 2 million visitors each year for the past four years.

3. Thomas Jefferson Memorial
> Construction begun: 1934
> Construction complete: 1943
> Cost to build: $3 million
> Admission fee: None
> Average annual visitors: 2,313,163

The Thomas Jefferson Memorial honors the United States’ third president. The cornerstone for the building, according to the Trust for the National Mall, was laid by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1934. The National Park Service notes that the memorial is based on the Pantheon of Rome, and it was intended to highlight Jefferson’s own architectural preferences — also on view at Monticello and the University of Virginia. Initially, the monument caused controversy, since it required removing cherry trees from the Tidal Basin in Washington D.C. However, today, cherry blossoms remain one of the defining features of the monument.

2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
> Construction begun: 1994
> Construction complete: 1997
> Cost to build: $10 million
> Admission fee: None
> Average annual visitors: 2.5 million

The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C., lies about halfway between the Jefferson and Lincoln memorials. Congress agreed to build a memorial to FDR in 1955, but it took another two decades to choose the location and award the architecture contract. The design finally was approved in 1978, but no money was appropriated and construction was not begun until 1994. The original design did not include an image of Roosevelt in his wheelchair, and the ensuing controversy was only quieted after the National Organization on Disability raised $1.65 million privately to add a now-famous sculpture of Roosevelt in his wheelchair.

1. Lincoln Memorial
> Construction begun: 1914
> Construction complete: 1922
> Cost to build: $2.96 million
> Admission fee: None
> Average annual visitors: 5,627,865

The first effort to construct a memorial to the 16th president was begun in 1867 with the creation of Lincoln Monument Association. The effort failed, but it was revived in 1900 as part of a plan to construct an expanded National Mall. The memorial to President Lincoln was finally approved in 1911 and construction began in 1914. The memorial was nearly complete by 1917, when the project was slowed down by the entry of the United States into World War I. The statue of Lincoln was sculpted by Daniel Chester French. It is 19 feet high and weighs 120 tons, and it cost $88,400.

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