24/7 Wall St.

This week at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, some of the biggest companies in the world will debut the next generation of products and technology. The goods on display are the product of years of research and billions of dollars. And to protect their investments, companies file for patents on the next game changing device, software, or technology.

The U.S. Patent Office and Trademark Office awards hundreds of thousands of patents to companies each year. Today, IFI Claims Patent Services, a producer of patent databases, released its top 50 ranking of the companies awarded the most U.S. patents in 2012. Based on IFI’s list, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the 10 most innovative companies in the world.

24/7 Wall St.’s review of the IFI list finds that producing the most patents does not ensure a successful business — frequently, it can mean the exact opposite. Some of the biggest patent recipients last year are barely profitable, or are losing money. These corporations may be ramping up research and development as their current brand falters. Sony’s patent awards are up substantially compared to 2011, but its shares are down by nearly 40% in the past 12 months, and the company lost more than $5 billion in the last fiscal year.

Meanwhile, several companies that didn’t make our list are among the most profitable companies in the world. Companies like Apple and Google saw major increases in patents awarded last year. Apple’s patents increased by 68% between 2011 and 2012. Google’s grew by an astounding 170%. These two companies remain well out of the top 10 for global patents awarded last year. Apple was 22nd, and Google was 21st.

Longevity is one of the reasons for Google and Apple’s absence, explained IFI Claims Patent Services CEO Mike Baycroft. “IBM, Samsung, Sony, and Microsoft [all in the top 10], these guys have been invested in the patent game for a long time.” In research and development, he continued, “Google and Apple are startups.”

Another reason many of these companies make the list is the sheer range of industries in which they develop products. While they develop consumer electronics products, companies like General Electric, IBM and Toshiba also develop technology in alternative energy, medicine, and automotive.

In order to identify the 10 most innovative companies, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed top U.S. patent recipients in 2012 according to IFI’s annual reports. To illustrate how patent awards relate to company performance, we examined sales, profit and change in share price over the past five years for the top 10. We also examined how these companies compared within their industry and among the largest companies in the world based on the Forbes Global 2,000. All sales and revenue data are from company financial statements or from the 2012 Forbes Global 2,000.

These are the 10 most innovative companies of the year.

10. LG Electronics
> 2012 patent grants: 1,624
> Country: South Korea
> Profits: -$0.4 billion
> Sales: $46.8 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -20.1%
> Size: 697th largest in the world

LG Electronics is one of the largest electronics manufacturers in Japan, behind companies like Samsung, Hitachi and Toshiba. This branch of the massive LG Holding Corp is one of the leading producers of televisions, washers and dryers, refrigerators and mobile handsets. Earlier this week at CES, the company announced it would begin delivering the highly-anticipated next-generation organic light-emitting diode television, or OLED TV this February. With its 1,624 patents granted in 2012, the company has returned to the top 10 patent earners, after a brief hiatus in 2011.

9. General Electric
> 2012 patent grants: 1,652
> Country: United States
> Profits: $14.2 billion
> Sales: $147.3 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -40.57%
> Size: 3rd largest in the world

America’s largest, and most iconic electronics corporation, General Electric has made somewhat of a comeback on the innovation front in the past few years. GE finally returned to the top 10 patent earners in 2012 for the first time since 2002, after being 11th in 2011. The company appears to have gained ground in innovation in alternative energy vehicles and products. According to Business Green, GE was awarded the second-most patents last year for alternative energy patents, including solar energy, fuel cells and wind energy production.

8. Hon Hai Precision Industry Co.
> 2012 patent grants: 2,013
> Country: Taiwan
> Profits: $2.6 billion
> Sales: $102.6 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change:  -51.58%
> Size: 156th largest in the world

Hon Hai Precision, better known by most Americans by its trade name, Foxconn, is the largest company in Taiwan with over $100 million in sales in 2012. The company increased its patent grants by 33% in 2012, moving it from ninth in patent awards in 2011 to eighth in 2012. At the end of last year, the company further added to its portfolio, buying the flat panel patent inventory of fellow display company NEC for the equivalent of $122 million. While the company has been awarded more patents, its shares fell by more than 10% in the past year.

7. Toshiba
> 2012 patent grants: 2,447
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $1.7 billion
> Sales: $77.0 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -57.4%
> Size: 205th largest in the world

Toshiba, another Japanese tech company, produces a wide variety of products, which may help explain why it was granted nearly 2,500 patents last year. Included in its product line are consumer electronics such as televisions, phones, and laptop computers, networking components, and even medical equipment like X-ray machines. The company has apparently been innovating heavily in photography components, developing compact flash devices and other chips for major photography companies such as Nikon. Shares are down by well over 50% in the past five years.

6. Microsoft Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 2,613
> Country: United States
> Profits: $17.0 billion
> Sales: $73.7 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -26.7%
> Size: 42nd largest in the world

Microsoft’s innovation has struggled the past few years. The total patents the company received has increased by about 300 last year, but this comes after major drop-off in 2011 that caused it to be surpassed by Japanese companies Canon, Panasonic and Toshiba. Like last year, it remains the sixth-biggest patent earner in the world, and the second biggest in the U.S. The company’s stock has underperformed the market, and is down more than 15% since March. Motorola Mobility, which is owned by Google, just dropped litigation it had pending against Microsoft, after claiming the company had infringed on two patents to make the Xbox.

5. Panasonic Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 2,769
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $0.9 billion
> Sales: $104.6 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -76.1%
> Size: 224th largest in the world

Panasonic produces a range of consumer electronics, but is well-known for its televisions, cameras, and batteries. Other products it manufactures include avionics, tablets, and kitchen appliances.  At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week, Panasonic unveiled a new, large-screen tablet PC. While the company remains innovative, it has been barely profitable. Shares are down more than 75% in the past five years.

4. Sony Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 3,032
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $ -5.5 billion
> Sales: $78.9 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -79.5%
> Size: 477th largest in the world

Sony remains one of the most recognizable consumer electronics brands in the world, producing innovative products in television, audio, and gaming for years. In 2011, the company was awarded 2,286 patents. In 2012, that number increased by 33% to over 3,000, moving the company from seventh to fourth among the most innovative companies. According to IFI, this is actually an undercount because Sony files for patents under multiple divisions. Company shares are down nearly 80% in the past five years and roughly 40% in the past year alone. In the last reported fiscal year, the company lost more than $5.5 billion.

3. Canon
> 2012 patent grants: 3,174
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $3.2 billion
> Sales: $46.2 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -33.5%
> Size: 149th largest in the world

Canon has already slipped eight places in the Forbes 2000 list of the world’s largest companies, and it may be facing further headwinds in the future. While sales totaled $46.2 billion in 2011, that is expected to decline to $42.9 billion in 2012, and to $44.5 billion in 2013, according to a survey of analysts polled by Thomson Reuters. Canon has struggled in recent years due to its longtime emphasis on low-to-no growth fields such as digital cameras and printers. Yet the company continues to churn out products in those fields, hoping to turn things around. At CES on Monday, the company introduced two imageCLASS printers targeted to the small and medium business markets as well as new PowerShot cameras.

2. Samsung Electronics
> 2012 patent grants: 5,081
> Country: South Korea
> Profits: $11.5 billion
> Sales: $142.4 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: 190.5%
> Size: 26th largest in the world

While it is known primarily as a consumer electronics company, Samsung has a hand in nearly every consumer product category imaginable, from chemicals to semiconductors. Unlike most of the other companies on our list, Samsung has been performing well of late, partly due to the success of its mobile phone business. The company released 37 phones last year, including the extremely successful Galaxy S3. Shares of the company on the Korean Stock Exchange are up by more than 190% in the past five years, and by more than 60% in the past year. Awarded patents for the company are up by nearly 4% this year, but since 2005, total awarded patents have roughly doubled. At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Samsung debuted a new flexible OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) screen, the first of its kind.

1. International Business Machines Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 6,478
> Country: United States
> Profits: $15.9 billion
> Sales: $106.9 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: 90.1%
> Size: 32nd largest in the world

For the 20th year in a row, IBM has produced more patents than any other company in the world. As IBM has gained patents, it has also sold many off. In March of 2012, IBM sold to Facebook 750 patents, allowing the social media company to bolster its intellectual property before its initial public offering. Back in 2010, the company sold about 1,000 patents to Google. Standard & Poor’s expects IBM to announce a full-year sales decline of 2.5% for 2012 partly because of a decline in hardware sales in the past four quarters. However, S&P expects sales to bounce back by 2.5% in 2013 due to continued growth in emerging markets.