The public sector — federal, state, and local government — employs about 20.2 million people, measuring almost 15% of the total American workforce. Educational instruction and library jobs, however, account for fully 74% of all government employment, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. (See the states paying teachers most and least.)
While a total of 136,000 government jobs, at all levels, were added in March, 125,600 of those were in state or local education, reflecting a transition back towards in-person learning for students nationwide. Nonetheless, state and local public education is still down 863,200 jobs since February 2020, according to an Economic Policy Institute (EPI) report on jobs and unemployment.
The EPI believes that the positive growth that has been seen in the public sector has been “likely due at least in part to the impact of the state and local government aid in the ARP [American Rescue Plan].” Increased availability of COVID-19 vaccines has probably also been a contributing factor.
The pandemic affected all segments of the public sector badly, not just education. In May of last year, the Urban Institute reported that almost a million state and local government jobs had been lost in April 2020 alone, and that public employment in all 50 states had decreased since the beginning of the crisis by rates ranging from 2% in Alabama to 14% in Wisconsin.Â
Click here to see the state with the most public workers.
To identify the states with the most public sector workers, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed public employment totals as a percentage of total employment in every state using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment Statistics program. Occupational data is for 2019. The median household income for each state was obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019 American Community Survey.
As those jobs come back today, there remains a considerable variation in the extent of public employment from state to state. Fewer than 12% of workers in Massachusetts, for instance, hold government positions, while more than 27% do in Wyoming. (These are the highest paid public employees in every state.)
Source: aoldman / Getty Images
50. Wyoming
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 27.2%
> Total public sector workers: 65,061 — 5th fewest
> Median household income: $65,003 — 19th highest
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Source: Dean_Fikar / Getty Images
49. New Mexico
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 26.8%
> Total public sector workers: 199,017 — 19th fewest
> Median household income: $51,945 — 6th lowest
Source: Chilkoot / Getty Images
48. Alaska
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 25.7%
> Total public sector workers: 72,083 — 7th fewest
> Median household income: $75,463 — 12th highest
Source: Art Wager / Getty Images
47. Hawaii
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 25.6%
> Total public sector workers: 129,987 — 13th fewest
> Median household income: $83,102 — 4th highest
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Source: Davel5957 / Getty Images
46. Maryland
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 25.1%
> Total public sector workers: 674,913 — 7th most
> Median household income: $86,738 — the highest
Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
45. Virginia
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 22.5%
> Total public sector workers: 834,882 — 5th most
> Median household income: $76,456 — 10th highest
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Source: sara_winter / Getty Images
44. Maine
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 20.4%
> Total public sector workers: 113,341 — 11th fewest
> Median household income: $58,924 — 16th lowest
Source: miroslav_1 / Getty Images
43. Montana
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 19.6%
> Total public sector workers: 82,218 — 8th fewest
> Median household income: $57,153 — 11th lowest
Source: DenisTangneyJr / Getty Images
42. Oklahoma
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 19.2%
> Total public sector workers: 288,327 — 25th fewest
> Median household income: $54,449 — 8th lowest
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Source: Sean Pavone / Getty Images
41. West Virginia
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 19.0%
> Total public sector workers: 126,621 — 12th fewest
> Median household income: $48,850 — 2nd lowest
40. Louisiana
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 18.1%
> Total public sector workers: 304,950 — 25th most
> Median household income: $51,073 — 4th lowest
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Source: rruntsch / Getty Images
39. North Dakota
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 18.0%
> Total public sector workers: 60,918 — 3rd fewest
> Median household income: $64,577 — 20th highest
Source: Sean Pavone / Getty Images
38. Vermont
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 17.7%
> Total public sector workers: 46,815 — the fewest
> Median household income: $63,001 — 25th lowest
Source: thyegn / iStock via Getty Images
37. Washington
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 17.6%
> Total public sector workers: 565,169 — 13th most
> Median household income: $78,687 — 7th highest
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Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
36. Mississippi
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 17.3%
> Total public sector workers: 179,107 — 15th fewest
> Median household income: $45,792 — the lowest
Source: Adventure_Photo / Getty Images
35. Utah
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 17.2%
> Total public sector workers: 241,158 — 22nd fewest
> Median household income: $75,780 — 11th highest
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Source: Jeff Zehnder / Shutterstock.com
34. Kansas
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.9%
> Total public sector workers: 217,184 — 20th fewest
> Median household income: $62,087 — 24th lowest
Source: Eloi_Omella / Getty Images
33. New York
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.9%
> Total public sector workers: 1,279,183 — 3rd most
> Median household income: $72,108 — 14th highest
Source: 4nadia / Getty Images
32. Oregon
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.7%
> Total public sector workers: 282,884 — 24th fewest
> Median household income: $67,058 — 18th highest
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Source: Davel5957 / Getty Images
31. Kentucky
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.6%
> Total public sector workers: 280,309 — 23rd fewest
> Median household income: $52,295 — 7th lowest
Source: Sean Pavone / Getty Images
30. Alabama
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.5%
> Total public sector workers: 313,257 — 24th most
> Median household income: $51,734 — 5th lowest
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Source: pabradyphoto / Getty Images
29. Iowa
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.5%
> Total public sector workers: 230,784 — 21st fewest
> Median household income: $61,691 — 21st lowest
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Source: Ron and Patty Thomas / Getty Images
28. Colorado
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.4%
> Total public sector workers: 406,332 — 16th most
> Median household income: $77,127 — 9th highest
Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
27. South Carolina
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.4%
> Total public sector workers: 333,822 — 22nd most
> Median household income: $56,227 — 10th lowest
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Source: Davel5957 / Getty Images
26. Nebraska
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.3%
> Total public sector workers: 144,931 — 14th fewest
> Median household income: $63,229 — 25th highest
Source: mdgmorris / Getty Images
25. Delaware
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 16.1%
> Total public sector workers: 68,203 — 6th fewest
> Median household income: $70,176 — 16th highest
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Source: Davel5957 / Getty Images
24. Arkansas
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.9%
> Total public sector workers: 184,419 — 17th fewest
> Median household income: $48,952 — 3rd lowest
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Source: Ronald E Grafe / Getty Images
23. Ohio
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.9%
> Total public sector workers: 762,977 — 6th most
> Median household income: $58,642 — 15th lowest
Source: SpVVK / Getty Images
22. California
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.6%
> Total public sector workers: 2,354,657 — the most
> Median household income: $80,440 — 5th highest
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Source: vkbhat / Getty Images
21. Idaho
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.4%
> Total public sector workers: 112,618 — 10th fewest
> Median household income: $60,999 — 20th lowest
Source: Scruggelgreen / Getty Images
20. Minnesota
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.4%
> Total public sector workers: 387,487 — 17th most
> Median household income: $74,593 — 13th highest
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Source: Sean Pavone / Getty Images
19. Georgia
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.3%
> Total public sector workers: 638,027 — 8th most
> Median household income: $61,980 — 22nd lowest
Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
18. New Jersey
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.2%
> Total public sector workers: 567,949 — 12th most
> Median household income: $85,751 — 3rd highest
Source: EunikaSopotnicka / Getty Images
17. South Dakota
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 15.0%
> Total public sector workers: 57,698 — 2nd fewest
> Median household income: $59,533 — 18th lowest
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Source: RoschetzkyIstockPhoto / Getty Images
16. Texas
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 14.9%
> Total public sector workers: 1,733,846 — 2nd most
> Median household income: $64,034 — 22nd highest
Source: 4kodiak / Getty Images
15. Nevada
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 14.9%
> Total public sector workers: 180,044 — 16th fewest
> Median household income: $63,276 — 24th highest
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Source: Ron_Thomas / Getty Images
14. Wisconsin
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 14.6%
> Total public sector workers: 379,240 — 19th most
> Median household income: $64,168 — 21st highest
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Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
13. Tennessee
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 14.3%
> Total public sector workers: 382,690 — 18th most
> Median household income: $56,071 — 9th lowest
Source: Dreamframer / Getty Images
12. Arizona
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 14.3%
> Total public sector workers: 414,557 — 15th most
> Median household income: $62,055 — 23rd lowest
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Source: Sean Pavone / Getty Images
11. North Carolina
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 14.1%
> Total public sector workers: 583,766 — 11th most
> Median household income: $57,341 — 12th lowest
10. Missouri
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 14.0%
> Total public sector workers: 354,086 — 20th most
> Median household income: $57,409 — 13th lowest
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Source: DenisTangneyJr / Getty Images
9. New Hampshire
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 13.8%
> Total public sector workers: 86,758 — 9th fewest
> Median household income: $77,933 — 8th highest
Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
8. Rhode Island
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 13.8%
> Total public sector workers: 62,685 — 4th fewest
> Median household income: $71,169 — 15th highest
Source: Sean Pavone / Getty Images
7. Florida
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 13.5%
> Total public sector workers: 1,103,050 — 4th most
> Median household income: $59,227 — 17th lowest
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Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
6. Connecticut
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 12.9%
> Total public sector workers: 196,755 — 18th fewest
> Median household income: $78,833 — 6th highest
Source: Davel5957 / Getty Images
5. Michigan
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 12.4%
> Total public sector workers: 492,883 — 14th most
> Median household income: $59,584 — 19th lowest
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Source: marchello74 / Getty Images
4. Illinois
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 12.3%
> Total public sector workers: 636,737 — 9th most
> Median household income: $69,187 — 17th highest
Source: Sean Pavone / Getty Images
3. Indiana
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 11.7%
> Total public sector workers: 332,370 — 23rd most
> Median household income: $57,603 — 14th lowest
Source: SeanPavonePhoto / Getty Images
2. Pennsylvania
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 11.7%
> Total public sector workers: 622,046 — 10th most
> Median household income: $63,463 — 23rd highest
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Source: DenisTangneyJr / Getty Images
1. Massachusetts
> Wyoming workers employed in public sector: 11.7%
> Total public sector workers: 349,461 — 21st most
> Median household income: $85,843 — 2nd highest
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