During World War II, German submarines, or U-boats, wreaked havoc on Allied shipping. Using tactics and stealth and aided by intelligence reports on the merchant vessels, U-boats targeted these ships, disrupting shipping across the Atlantic Ocean. While the Allies worked on improving their strategy to overcome this obstacle, thousands of lives were lost due to these attacks.
To identify the ships that German U-boats sank during WWII that resulted in the greatest loss of life, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed 25 ships with the greatest loss of life during WWII (lost to U-boats), a list compiled by Uboat.net, an online database of ships sunk during the world wars. The 25 ships are ordered by how many lives were lost from the sinking. Supplemental information on the type of each ship, their size (in terms of tonnage), nationality, and when they were sunk also came from Uboat.net.
The British troop transport Laconia fell victim to the German U-156 on Sept. 12, 1942. The ship was carrying a large number of civilians, military personnel, and prisoners of war when it was torpedoed. An estimated 1,658 lives were lost, most of them Italian POWs, out of the ship’s complement of about 2,74. The U-boat commander’s subsequent efforts to rescue the survivors led to an attempt to sink the sub, despite the survivors clearly visible in lifeboats. This angered the Germans and led to the Laconia Order, which forbade U-boats from attempting to rescue the crews of the sunk vessels.
The Arandora Star met its end near the coast of Ireland in early July 1940, when it was torpedoed by the German U-47. At the time, it was carrying about 1,200 Italian and German civilian internees. Over 800 lives were lost in the sinking. (Also see, all 8 submarine classes used by the U.S. in WWII.)
This list spans a variety of vessel types, military and civilian. They were all sunk in the European Theater or the Mediterranean/African Theater. The dates of the sinkings range from as early as 1939 to the end of 1944. (These are the most pivotal naval battles of all time.)
These tragic incidents reflect the sheer devastation wrought by the German U-boat fleet during WWII. The loss of life was immense and, in some cases, indiscriminate, and affecting both military personnel and civilians on board.
Here is a look at the largest losses of life brought upon by U-boats.
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
25. HMS Hecla (F-20)
> Number dead: 279
> Sinking date: Nov. 12, 1942
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Destroyer tender
> Tonnage: 10,850
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
24. P-4
> Number dead: 294
> Sinking date: Aug. 17, 1942
> Nationality: Soviet Union
> Type: Barge
> Tonnage: 500
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
23. Calabria
> Number dead: 360
> Sinking date: Dec. 8, 1940
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Steam passenger ship
> Tonnage: 9,515
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
22. Almeda Star
> Number dead: 360
> Sinking date: Jan. 17, 1941
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Steam passenger ship
> Tonnage: 14,936
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
21. Abosso
> Number dead: 362
> Sinking date: Oct. 29, 1942
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Motor passenger ship
> Tonnage: 11,330
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
20. Doggerbank
> Number dead: 364
> Sinking date: March 3, 1943
> Nationality: Germany
> Type: Motor merchant
> Tonnage: 5,154
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Source: Public Domain / Picryl
19. HMS Fidelity (D-57)
> Number dead: 368
> Sinking date: Dec. 30, 1942
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Special service vessel
> Tonnage: 2,456
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
18. Marina Raskova
> Number dead: 373
> Sinking date: Aug. 12, 1944
> Nationality: Soviet Union
> Type: Steam merchant
> Tonnage: 7,540
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
17. Brazza
> Number dead: 379
> Sinking date: May 28, 1940
> Nationality: France
> Type: Motor passenger ship
> Tonnage: 10,387
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
16. HMS Penelope (97)
> Number dead: 417
> Sinking date: Feb. 18, 1944
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Light cruiser
> Tonnage: 5,270
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
15. HMS Dunedin (D-93)
> Number dead: 419
> Sinking date: Nov. 24, 1941
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Light cruiser
> Tonnage: 4,850
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
14. HMS Galatea (71)
> Number dead: 470
> Sinking date: Dec. 15, 1941
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Light cruiser
> Tonnage: 5,220
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
13. Yoma
> Number dead: 484
> Sinking date: June 17, 1943
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Troop transport
> Tonnage: 8,131
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
12. HMS Avenger (D-14)
> Number dead: 514
> Sinking date: Nov. 15, 1942
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Escort carrier
> Tonnage: 13,785
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Source: 94374792@N04 / Flickr
11. HMS Courageous (50)
> Number dead: 518
> Sinking date: Sept. 17, 1939
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Aircraft carrier
> Tonnage: 22,500
10. Sidi-Bel-Abbès
> Number dead: 611
> Sinking date: April 20, 1943
> Nationality: France
> Type: Troop transport
> Tonnage: 4,392
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
9. Ceramic
> Number dead: 654
> Sinking date: Dec. 7, 1942
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Steam passenger ship
> Tonnage: 18,713
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
8. Dorchester
> Number dead: 675
> Sinking date: Feb. 3, 1943
> Nationality: United States
> Type: Troop transport
> Tonnage: 5,649
7. Shuntien
> Number dead: 700
> Sinking date: Dec. 23, 1941
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Steam passenger ship
> Tonnage: 3,059
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
6. Arandora Star
> Number dead: 805
> Sinking date: July 2, 1940
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Steam passenger ship
> Tonnage: 15,501
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
5. Leopoldville
> Number dead: 819
> Sinking date: Dec. 24, 1944
> Nationality: Belgium
> Type: Troop transport
> Tonnage: 11,509
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Source: library_of_congress / Flickr
4. HMS Royal Oak (08)
> Number dead: 835
> Sinking date: Oct. 14, 1939
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Battleship
> Tonnage: 29,150
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
3. Nova Scotia
> Number dead: 858
> Sinking date: Nov. 28, 1942
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Troop transport
> Tonnage: 6,796
Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
2. HMS Barham (04)
> Number dead: 862
> Sinking date: Nov. 25, 1941
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Battleship
> Tonnage: 31,100
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Source: Public Domain / Wikimedia Commons
1. Laconia
> Number dead: 1,658
> Sinking date: Sept. 12, 1942
> Nationality: United Kingdom
> Type: Troop transport
> Tonnage: 19,695
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