

Besides providing an education, going to college can offer a variety of other benefits to students. Students learn more about themselves, and meet friends and make connections at school, which can help with a future job search. While connections and the general quality of education one gets are important to a future career, the role chosen by undergrads can be a major factor in the job one lands out of college, and the potential for how much one can make for the rest of their life. Based on recently released data from the US Census Bureau, some college majors may earn far less than others.
To determine the lowest paying college majors, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed data on earnings from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2021 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample files, the most recent available data. Undergraduate college majors were ranked based on the average reported incomes of degree holders in 2021.
When we choose a college major, there are many questions one must consider. Some choose their major based on personal passions for the arts or interest in certain subjects. Some choose a major that focuses on helping people, like special needs education. Other considerations may include future earnings potential. (These are the 30 college majors with higher earnings for Black versus white graduates.)
Both fine arts and special needs education are among the lowest-paying majors because the jobs that these majors prepare students for tend to be low-paying. Many arts-related jobs, including visual, performing, and studio arts, are on this list, alongside teaching jobs, social work, community organization, and other historically low-paying jobs.
Education majors, however, are dominant in this list. A career as an educator can be highly rewarding, but those choosing to pursue this career, even after a four-year education, should know that the median American public school teacher salary, as of 2023, was $56,026, according to Salary.com. (These are America’s best public high schools.)
Click here to see the lowest paying college majors.
Click here to see our detailed methodology.

25. Fine arts
> Avg. annual earnings: $42,887
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 25.4%
> Unemployment rate: 6.6%
> No. degree holders: 939,448

24. Social science or history teacher education
> Avg. annual earnings: $42,343
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 49.9%
> Unemployment rate: 2.9%
> No. degree holders: 245,657

23. Educational psychology
> Avg. annual earnings: $41,994
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 64.6%
> Unemployment rate: 1.8%
> No. degree holders: 40,967

22. Social work
> Avg. annual earnings: $41,861
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 51.2%
> Unemployment rate: 3.3%
> No. degree holders: 860,607

21. Theology and religious vocations
> Avg. annual earnings: $41,687
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 44.8%
> Unemployment rate: 2.8%
> No. degree holders: 494,459

20. Studio arts
> Avg. annual earnings: $41,508
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 30.1%
> Unemployment rate: 6.9%
> No. degree holders: 153,403

19. Visual and performing arts
> Avg. annual earnings: $41,416
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 26.4%
> Unemployment rate: 6.0%
> No. degree holders: 112,450

18. Human services and community organization
> Avg. annual earnings: $41,412
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 32.6%
> Unemployment rate: 4.1%
> No. degree holders: 170,259

17. Mathematics teacher education
> Avg. annual earnings: $40,477
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 55.4%
> Unemployment rate: 1.6%
> No. degree holders: 170,260

16. Physical and health education teaching
> Avg. annual earnings: $40,413
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 41.9%
> Unemployment rate: 3.1%
> No. degree holders: 464,182

15. Cosmetology services and culinary arts
> Avg. annual earnings: $39,508
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 9.1%
> Unemployment rate: 9.8%
> No. degree holders: 71,616

14. Special needs education
> Avg. annual earnings: $37,994
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 58.7%
> Unemployment rate: 2.7%
> No. degree holders: 399,567

13. Family and consumer sciences
> Avg. annual earnings: $37,898
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 30.0%
> Unemployment rate: 4.1%
> No. degree holders: 700,518

12. Social psychology
> Avg. annual earnings: $37,808
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 43.6%
> Unemployment rate: 3.8%
> No. degree holders: 19,036

11. Science and computer teacher education
> Avg. annual earnings: $37,537
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 58.6%
> Unemployment rate: 2.8%
> No. degree holders: 138,903

10. Art and music education
> Avg. annual earnings: $35,750
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 47.4%
> Unemployment rate: 3.1%
> No. degree holders: 462,421

9. Early childhood education
> Avg. annual earnings: $35,094
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 38.4%
> Unemployment rate: 2.2%
> No. degree holders: 361,173

8. General education
> Avg. annual earnings: $34,533
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 48.1%
> Unemployment rate: 2.7%
> No. degree holders: 3,201,869

7. Language and drama education
> Avg. annual earnings: $34,393
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 56.1%
> Unemployment rate: 2.5%
> No. degree holders: 405,401

6. Teacher education
> Avg. annual earnings: $33,256
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 47.4%
> Unemployment rate: 1.8%
> No. degree holders: 180,518

5. Secondary teacher education
> Avg. annual earnings: $32,650
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 53.9%
> Unemployment rate: 2.0%
> No. degree holders: 404,469

4. Miscellaneous education
> Avg. annual earnings: $31,436
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 45.7%
> Unemployment rate: 3.6%
> No. degree holders: 374,619

3. School student counseling
> Avg. annual earnings: $30,301
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 93.2%
> Unemployment rate: 0.9%
> No. degree holders: 28,956

2. Elementary education
> Avg. annual earnings: $29,730
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 46.2%
> Unemployment rate: 2.0%
> No. degree holders: 2,569,372

1. Library science
> Avg. annual earnings: $22,742
> Graduates with master’s degree or higher: 60.7%
> Unemployment rate: 5.1%
> No. degree holders: 47,735
Methodology
To determine the lowest paying college majors, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed data on earnings from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2021 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample files. Undergraduate college majors were ranked based on the average reported incomes of degree holders in 2021.
Data on unemployment, highest level of educational attainment, and number of degree holders were calculated using field of degree data from the Census Bureau. The Census considers the first degree listed by survey respondents in response to the prompt: “Please print below the specific major(s) of any BACHELOR’S DEGREES this person has received” to be their major undergraduate field of degree.
Sponsored: Find a Qualified Financial Advisor
Finding a qualified financial advisor doesn’t have to be hard. SmartAsset’s free tool matches you with up to 3 fiduciary financial advisors in your area in 5 minutes. Each advisor has been vetted by SmartAsset and is held to a fiduciary standard to act in your best interests. If you’re ready to be matched with local advisors that can help you achieve your financial goals, get started now.
Thank you for reading! Have some feedback for us?
Contact the 24/7 Wall St. editorial team.