Special Report

Cities Where the Most People Left Since the Pandemic

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U.S. Census data confirms what has been reported in regard to population shifts in the United States in recent years and since the onset of the pandemic in 2020 — Americans moved out of higher-cost areas and decamped to more affordable towns and regions in the U.S.

Using metro area level data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program, 24/7 Tempo identified the cities losing the most people since the pandemic. Metro areas were ranked based on the percentage change in population due to net migration from April 1, 2020 to June 30, 2022. Data was aggregated from the county level to the metropolitan level using metropolitan statistical area definitions for July 2023 from the Census Bureau.

Major metropolitan areas such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., all experienced a decrease in population. High costs of living, increase in some forms of crime, and the ability for people to work remotely and therefore have the ability to move away from congested urban areas have all been factors in population loss. (These are America’s 26 poorest large cities.)

Of the 40 cities on the list, 14 are California metro areas. Residents fled six Louisiana metros on our list, including three in the top six: Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, New Orleans-Metairie, and Lake Charles. (See America’s best cities to live according to data.)

New York state, which has been losing population for some time before the pandemic, has four cities on the list, including Elmira — one of six on the list with a population of fewer than 100,000 people.

Click here for the 50 cities where the most people have left since the pandemic

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50. Milwaukee-Waukesha, Wisconsin
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-17,421)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -22,312
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +4,891
> Total population, 2022: 1,559,792

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49. Boston-Cambridge-Newton, Massachusetts-New Hampshire
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-55,269)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -104,501
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +49,232
> Total population, 2022: 4,900,550

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48. Boulder, Colorado
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-3,738)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -4,985
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,247
> Total population, 2022: 327,468

47. Charleston, West Virginia
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-2,403)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,744
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +341
> Total population, 2022: 204,297

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46. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-74,104)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -136,725
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +62,621
> Total population, 2022: 6,265,183

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45. Santa Rosa-Petaluma, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-5,780)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -6,612
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +832
> Total population, 2022: 482,650

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44. Hanford-Corcoran, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-1,807)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,914
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +107
> Total population, 2022: 152,981

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43. Syracuse, New York
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-7,972)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -9,974
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +2,002
> Total population, 2022: 653,633

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42. Sumter, South Carolina
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-1,274)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,393
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +119
> Total population, 2022: 104,012

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41. Jacksonville, North Carolina
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-2,476)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,458
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: -18
> Total population, 2022: 207,298

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40. Peoria, Illinois
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-4,540)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -5,365
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +825
> Total population, 2022: 363,445

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39. Enid, Oklahoma
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-785)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -913
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +128
> Total population, 2022: 61,920

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38. El Centro, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.4% (-2,487)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,782
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +295
> Total population, 2022: 178,713

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37. San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.4% (-46,521)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -58,429
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +11,908
> Total population, 2022: 3,276,208

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36. Jackson, Mississippi
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.4% (-8,829)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -9,415
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +586
> Total population, 2022: 610,904

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35. Chico, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-3,085)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -3,323
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +238
> Total population, 2022: 207,303

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34. Eagle Pass, Texas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-847)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,100
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +253
> Total population, 2022: 57,843

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33. Vallejo, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-6,848)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -8,047
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,199
> Total population, 2022: 448,747

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32. Albany, Georgia
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-2,272)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,356
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +84
> Total population, 2022: 145,786

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31. Grand Island, Nebraska
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-1,183)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,567
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +384
> Total population, 2022: 76,333

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30. Monroe, Luoisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.6% (-3,541)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -3,772
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +231
> Total population, 2022: 222,695

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29. Columbus, Georgia-Alabama
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.6% (-5,207)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -6,004
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +797
> Total population, 2022: 324,110

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28. Alexandria, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.6% (-2,465)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,626
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +161
> Total population, 2022: 149,189

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27. Vineland, New Jersey
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-2,561)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,925
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +364
> Total population, 2022: 151,356

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26. Laredo, Texas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-4,478)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -5,784
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,306
> Total population, 2022: 267,780

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25. Watertown-Fort Drum, New York
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-2,034)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,248
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +214
> Total population, 2022: 116,637

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24. Grand Forks, North Dakota-Minnesota
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-1,824)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,103
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +279
> Total population, 2022: 103,144

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23. Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.8% (-7,862)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -9,515
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,653
> Total population, 2022: 443,837

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22. Ann Arbor, Michigan
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.8% (-6,540)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -8,810
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +2,270
> Total population, 2022: 366,376

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21. Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.8% (-14,952)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -15,991
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,039
> Total population, 2022: 832,605

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20. Shreveport-Bossier City, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.9% (-7,380)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,831
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +451
> Total population, 2022: 385,154

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19. Trenton-Princeton, New Jersey
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.0% (-7,588)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -10,526
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +2,938
> Total population, 2022: 380,688

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18. Decatur, Illinois
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.0% (-2,122)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,305
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +183
> Total population, 2022: 101,483

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17. Fairbanks-College, Alaska
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.0% (-1,956)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,108
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +152
> Total population, 2022: 95,356

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16. Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.1% (-198,891)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -235,374
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +36,483
> Total population, 2022: 9,274,140

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15. Santa Cruz-Watsonville, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.5% (-6,717)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,152
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +435
> Total population, 2022: 264,370

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14. Napa, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.5% (-3,466)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -3,653
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +187
> Total population, 2022: 134,300

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13. Elmira, New York
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.6% (-2,151)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,218
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +67
> Total population, 2022: 81,426

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12. Urban Honolulu, Hawaii
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.6% (-26,065)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -31,682
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +5,617
> Total population, 2022: 995,638

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11. Salinas, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.7% (-11,900)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -12,905
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,005
> Total population, 2022: 432,858

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10. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.8% (-367,333)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -428,371
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +61,038
> Total population, 2022: 12,872,322

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9. Manhattan, Kansas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.8% (-3,751)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -4,311
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +560
> Total population, 2022: 133,072

8. Minot, North Dakota
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.8% (-2,179)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,284
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +105
> Total population, 2022: 76,279

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7. New York-Newark-Jersey City, New York-New Jersey
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.0% (-597,802)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -736,277
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +138,475
> Total population, 2022: 19,557,311

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6. Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.4% (-7,137)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,338
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +201
> Total population, 2022: 200,656

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5. New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.5% (-35,348)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -39,853
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +4,505
> Total population, 2022: 972,913

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4. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.9% (-77,891)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -103,156
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +25,265
> Total population, 2022: 1,938,524

3. San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -4.0% (-189,585)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -227,642
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +38,057
> Total population, 2022: 4,579,599

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2. Odessa, Texas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -4.0% (-6,661)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,904
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,243
> Total population, 2022: 160,869

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1. Lake Charles, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -5.8% (-14,804)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -15,323
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +519
> Total population, 2022: 239,346

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