Life expectancy is one of the most important and commonly cited indicators of population health — and in the United States, life expectancy is falling at a historic rate. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, life expectancy at birth declined by 1.5 years in 2020, the largest one-year decline since World War II.
The CDC attributes the decline to the COVID-19 pandemic and 93,000 drug overdose deaths — an all-time one-year high. Homicide, diabetes, and liver disease were also contributing factors. Here is a look at the states with the most drug overdose deaths in 2020.
While the national trend is alarming, there are considerable regional variations in life expectancy across the country.
As of 2019, the most recent available year of state-level data, life expectancy at birth in Iowa is 79.4 years, the 21st highest among states and in line with the comparable national average of 79.2 years.
Both at an individual and population level, life expectancy is closely linked to certain economic factors, such as poverty. Lower-income Americans are less able to afford adequate health care or a range of healthy options related to diet and lifestyle. Recent studies have shown that life expectancy among the wealthiest 1% of Americans exceeds that of the poorest 1% by well over a decade — and Iowa residents are slightly less likely to struggle financially than most Americans. The state’s poverty rate of 11.2% is below the national poverty rate of 12.3%.
Data on average life expectancy at birth is from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute joint program’s 2021 County Health Rankings & Roadmaps report. Additional data is from both CHR and the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019 American Community Survey.
Rank | State | Life expectancy at birth (yrs.) | Adults who smoke (%) | Median household income ($) | Poverty rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Hawaii | 82.3 | 14.4 | 83,102 | 9.3 |
2 | California | 81.7 | 11.5 | 80,440 | 11.8 |
3 | New York | 81.4 | 13.0 | 72,108 | 13.0 |
4 | Connecticut | 80.9 | 12.5 | 78,833 | 10.0 |
4 | Minnesota | 80.9 | 15.5 | 74,593 | 9.0 |
6 | Massachusetts | 80.6 | 13.7 | 85,843 | 9.4 |
6 | Colorado | 80.6 | 14.7 | 77,127 | 9.3 |
8 | New Jersey | 80.5 | 13.2 | 85,751 | 9.2 |
9 | Washington | 80.4 | 12.1 | 78,687 | 9.8 |
10 | Florida | 80.2 | 14.9 | 59,227 | 12.7 |
11 | Utah | 80.1 | 9.1 | 75,780 | 8.9 |
12 | Arizona | 80.0 | 14.5 | 62,055 | 13.5 |
13 | Oregon | 79.9 | 15.7 | 67,058 | 11.4 |
14 | Rhode Island | 79.8 | 15.2 | 71,169 | 10.8 |
14 | Vermont | 79.8 | 14.7 | 63,001 | 10.2 |
16 | North Dakota | 79.7 | 19.7 | 64,577 | 10.6 |
16 | New Hampshire | 79.7 | 16.6 | 77,933 | 7.3 |
18 | Nebraska | 79.6 | 16.6 | 63,229 | 9.9 |
18 | Virginia | 79.6 | 15.1 | 76,456 | 9.9 |
20 | Wisconsin | 79.5 | 17.2 | 64,168 | 10.4 |
21 | Illinois | 79.4 | 15.9 | 69,187 | 11.5 |
21 | Idaho | 79.4 | 15.0 | 60,999 | 11.2 |
21 | Iowa | 79.4 | 17.4 | 61,691 | 11.2 |
24 | Texas | 79.2 | 14.2 | 64,034 | 13.6 |
24 | Maryland | 79.2 | 12.6 | 86,738 | 9.0 |
26 | Alaska | 79.0 | 18.5 | 75,463 | 10.1 |
27 | Montana | 78.9 | 18.9 | 57,153 | 12.6 |
27 | South Dakota | 78.9 | 20.2 | 59,533 | 11.9 |
27 | Wyoming | 78.9 | 19.2 | 65,003 | 10.1 |
30 | Nevada | 78.7 | 15.7 | 63,276 | 12.5 |
30 | Maine | 78.7 | 19.4 | 58,924 | 10.9 |
32 | Pennsylvania | 78.5 | 17.9 | 63,463 | 12.0 |
32 | Kansas | 78.5 | 17.9 | 62,087 | 11.4 |
32 | Delaware | 78.5 | 17.4 | 70,176 | 11.3 |
35 | North Carolina | 78.1 | 17.9 | 57,341 | 13.6 |
35 | Michigan | 78.1 | 20.1 | 59,584 | 13.0 |
37 | New Mexico | 78.0 | 15.9 | 51,945 | 18.2 |
38 | Georgia | 77.9 | 16.3 | 61,980 | 13.3 |
39 | Missouri | 77.3 | 20.1 | 57,409 | 12.9 |
40 | South Carolina | 77.1 | 18.7 | 56,227 | 13.8 |
40 | Indiana | 77.1 | 21.7 | 57,603 | 11.9 |
42 | Ohio | 77.0 | 21.4 | 58,642 | 13.1 |
43 | Louisiana | 76.1 | 21.1 | 51,073 | 19.0 |
43 | Arkansas | 76.1 | 23.7 | 48,952 | 16.2 |
43 | Oklahoma | 76.1 | 19.9 | 54,449 | 15.2 |
46 | Tennessee | 76.0 | 20.8 | 56,071 | 13.9 |
47 | Kentucky | 75.6 | 24.1 | 52,295 | 16.3 |
47 | Alabama | 75.6 | 20.0 | 51,734 | 15.5 |
49 | Mississippi | 74.9 | 21.0 | 45,792 | 19.6 |
50 | West Virginia | 74.8 | 26.9 | 48,850 | 16.0 |
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