Polymarket Bettors Called Earnings Right 78.5% of the Time. Wall Street Analysts Managed 43.7%

Prediction market bettors on Polymarket called quarterly earnings correctly 79% of the time, while the Wall Street analyst consensus was right 44% of the time, according to Beating the Earnings Game, a study by Daniel Rabetti, Jiaqi Shao and Che Zhang, one of whom researches at the National University of Singapore. Larry Swedroe summarized the findings for Financial Advisor Magazine, and Swedroe called it a 35-point gap that deserves a moment of attention from anyone who reads earnings headlines through a brokerage app.

The study’s sample is narrow. Swedroe notes that the sample covers only six months and is limited to firms with active prediction markets, which skews the universe toward larger, more liquid, widely followed names. That caveat matters. The size of the accuracy gap is still hard to explain away.

What the Study Actually Measured

A Polymarket earnings contract is a real-money bet on a binary outcome: will a specific company clear a stated earnings-per-share threshold in a specific fiscal quarter? Traders buy and sell the contract at any time before the report, and the price floats between zero and one dollar based on what buyers are willing to pay. Swedroe explains that the contracts settle at $1 per share if a company beats estimates and $0 per share if it misses. Because real money is on the line, the live price behaves as a probability estimate that updates continuously.

A consensus estimate is something quite different. It is the mean or median of forecasts submitted by the sell-side analysts who cover a stock, compiled by data vendors and refreshed when individual analysts publish new numbers. Many readers treat that consensus as a neutral scientific baseline. In practice it is a negotiated number.

Why the Professionals Lost

The study points at the incentive structure. Sell-side analysts face pressure to stay optimistic to preserve access to company management and to protect their firms’ brokerage and banking relationships. Forecasts far outside the mainstream carry career risk with limited upside. Companies themselves guide estimates lower in the weeks before a quarter closes, a pattern known as the walk-down.

The walk-down is the single most useful mechanic to understand here. Management sets an expectation early in the quarter, then steers analysts toward a number the company is confident it can clear. By the time the report lands, the bar has been lowered to a height the company already knows it can jump over. The beat is engineered.

Why a Crowd Did Better

The prediction market pool includes supply-chain observers, current and former employees, customers, informed retail traders and quant funds. No single analyst can see all of those scattered signals, but a market that lets anyone with a view put money down aggregates them. Prices also update in real time, while a consensus figure goes stale between analyst refreshes.

The crowd’s edge was largest for companies whose earnings are driven by company-specific factors rather than industry-wide trends, and larger for non-GAAP reporters. Non-GAAP means figures that exclude items management chooses to strip out of standard accounting results, and it is the reporting layer where management has the most discretion. The researchers tested for illegal insider leakage using SEC Form 4 filings and found no relationship, though they acknowledge it cannot be fully ruled out. The mechanisms described here are inferred from observed patterns rather than directly measured.

What This Means for Your Earnings Season

Treat the consensus as a biased starting point. A beat is the ordinary outcome for most large companies most quarters, and clearing a bar the company helped set says little about business strength. What matters is the size of the beat, the quality of the revenue underneath it, and above all the forward guidance, because guidance is the number management has not yet had a chance to walk down.

If a company clears the consensus by a penny and guides the next quarter lower, the headline on your phone will read beats expectations. A real-money crowd would read that quarter very differently. So should you. The consensus is the height of a hurdle the company chose.

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