VWO Soared 31.3% While SPY Managed Just 13.9%

If you hold U.S. large caps, investment grade bonds, and maybe some real estate, you own the parts of the global economy that already get the most attention. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund ETF Shares (NYSEARCA:VWO) fills the gap. It provides exposure to economies where growth rates can still surprise, where consumer markets expand faster than developed countries, and where your portfolio otherwise has zero representation.

The Role VWO Plays in a Portfolio

VWO offers a straightforward way to own China, India, Taiwan, Brazil, and dozens of other emerging economies without picking individual stocks. The fund tracks the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index and manages $151.8 billion in assets while charging just 0.07% annually. That cost advantage matters because emerging markets already carry higher volatility—you don’t want fees compounding the challenge when markets turn choppy.

Beyond price appreciation from economic development and urbanization, VWO generates growing income. The fund distributed $1.50 per share in 2025, up 6.3% from 2024. That dividend growth reflects the maturing earnings power of companies in economies still industrializing, where consumer spending continues expanding faster than developed markets.

This is a diversification tool, not a speculative bet. When U.S. markets stall or the dollar weakens, emerging markets can outperform. Over the past year, VWO returned 31.3% compared to 13.9% for SPY. That performance doesn’t happen every year, but it shows why holding international equity matters.

How Well It Delivers

VWO has done exactly what it promises. It tracks its index closely, keeps costs low, and provides broad exposure. The fund holds over 5,000 securities, with the largest single holding representing less than 0.8% of assets. That diversification reduces single-stock risk, even in volatile markets.

Performance has been uneven over longer periods. The five-year return of 23.4% trails SPY’s 78.1%, reflecting real challenges emerging markets faced during the pandemic and China’s regulatory crackdowns.

The Tradeoffs You Accept

Emerging markets come with higher volatility, currency risk, and geopolitical uncertainty. VWO investors faced Russian sanctions in 2022, China Evergrande’s collapse in 2021, and ongoing U.S.-China tensions. These risks are real.

You also accept that emerging markets can underperform for years. Faster GDP growth doesn’t guarantee better stock returns, especially when valuations are high or capital flows favor developed markets.

VWO functions as a long-term diversification tool with exposure to emerging markets, experiencing periods of both underperformance and outperformance relative to developed market indexes.