A 66-year-old who walked out of a $220,000 job last summer opens her first 2026 Medicare statement and finds a Part B bill of $527.50 a month instead of the standard $202.90. She has been retired for eight months. Her income this year will land closer to $80,000. Medicare has not caught up. The premium is priced off her 2024 tax return, when she was still earning a full salary.
This is IRMAA, the Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount. It touches roughly 8% of Medicare beneficiaries. If your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) sits comfortably below $109,000 single or $218,000 joint, none of this touches you and you can close the tab. Everyone else needs to know that the government prices Medicare on a two-year delay, and SSA-44 is the form designed to correct that mismatch after certain life events.
What MAGI Actually Counts
MAGI for IRMAA is adjusted gross income (AGI) from Form 1040 line 11 plus tax-exempt interest from line 2a. Municipal bond income that felt tax-free gets added back. So do Roth conversions, taxable capital gains from a home sale, required minimum distributions, and severance. A single one-time event in 2024 can set your 2026 premium. Repeat it in 2026, and you may pay again in 2028.
The 2026 Bill At Every Tier
Every figure below is monthly, per person, for the 2026 plan year.
| MAGI (Single, 2024) | MAGI (Joint, 2024) | Part B Total | Part D IRMAA Surcharge |
|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ $109,000 | ≤ $218,000 | $202.90 | $0.00 |
| $109,001 to $137,000 | $218,001 to $274,000 | $284.10 | $14.50 |
| $137,001 to $171,000 | $274,001 to $342,000 | $405.80 | $37.50 |
| $171,001 to $205,000 | $342,001 to $410,000 | $527.50 | $60.40 |
| $205,001 to $499,999 | $410,001 to $749,999 | $649.20 | $83.30 |
| ≥ $500,000 | ≥ $750,000 | $689.90 | $91.00 |
The Part B figure is the full monthly premium. The Part D figure is an additional surcharge paid on top of the premium charged by your drug plan.
The Survivor Trap Nobody Plans For
The most punishing version of IRMAA is the one couples never model. When a spouse dies, the survivor generally files single the next year. The single brackets are roughly half the joint ones. Household income barely moved; the bracket did. A couple sitting at $215,000 owed nothing extra. The survivor with $200,000 of income the following year lands in the third surcharge tier and owes $324.60 a month extra on Part B, plus $60.40 on Part D.
SSA-44 Is Not A Reset Button
The Social Security Administration (SSA) accepts Form SSA-44 to recalculate IRMAA based on more recent income. It applies only to a qualifying life-changing event: marriage, divorce or annulment, death of a spouse, work stoppage, work reduction, involuntary loss of income-producing property, certain losses of pension income, or a settlement tied to an employer’s closure, bankruptcy, or reorganization.
Read that list twice. A Roth conversion is not on it. Neither is a home sale, a large RMD, or a stock sale that shoved you into the next tier. SSA-44 corrects income that dropped because of a qualifying event. It cannot undo an income spike you chose.
What To Do Before December
File SSA-44 as soon as the qualifying event happens, not at year end. Attach the available paperwork: retirement letter with a stop date, death certificate, divorce decree, or qualifying employer settlement agreement. SSA can grant relief retroactive to January of the applicable premium year and refund excess premiums.
If you are still working, watch the calendar. Income you earn in 2026 sets 2028 premiums. A December Roth conversion may push you across a bracket that adds a fixed dollar amount to Part B and Part D every month for a full year, two years later. Splitting the conversion across two tax years may help keep each year below a threshold.
If your household MAGI is within $20,000 of a bracket line and you control when distributions land, model it before December 31. Drifting one tier at the joint level, from at or below $218,000 to just above, costs $81.20 a month per spouse on Part B and $14.50 a month per spouse on Part D. For a couple, that is roughly $2,300 across the year, priced off a return you already filed.
Until you send the form, Medicare keeps billing off the salary you no longer earn.
Contact [email protected] for any questions or corrections.
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