On March 17, 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed the United States Refugee Act of 1980 into law, establishing the nation’s contemporary refugee resettlement program and asylum system. The new law raised the refugee ceiling from 17,400 to 50,000 and established a review process for adjusting the ceiling to meet international emergencies. The new law broadened eligibility by setting the definition of a refugee as any person with a “well-founded fear of persecution.”
Since 1980, the U.S. has taken in over 3 million refugees – people fleeing violence, including genocide, war, or political, religious, or ethnic persecution. The Refugee Act was passed in part to address the ongoing refugee crisis precipitated by the end of the Vietnam war, when hundreds of thousands of people fled Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. In 1980 and the years immediately following, Vietnamese refugees made up a significant portion of refugees and immigrants entering the U.S. (Here is the number of legal immigrants to the U.S. every year since 1990.)
To determine the number of refugees the U.S. accepted each year since 1980, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed annual refugee arrivals from the Department of Homeland Security’s Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2020 for fiscal years 1980 through 2020.
Over 207,000 refugees entered the U.S. in 1980 – more than in any other year since. By 1986, admissions had fallen to 62,146. Another peak hit in 1990, after the U.S. raised the quota for people fleeing the Soviet Union. That year, 122,066 refugees entered the country, many of them from the dissolving Soviet Union.
The number of refugees steeply declined after the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, as the U.S largely suspended admissions with the Patriot Act. Fewer than 29,000 refugees were admitted each year in 2002 and 2003.
Admission peaked again in 2016 as the Obama administration raised the ceiling to 110,000 people and resettled over 12,000 refugees from both Syria and Burma, and over 16,000 from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Here are the countries most immigrants in the U.S. are originally from.)
Record lows immediately followed when the Trump administration temporarily froze admissions in 2018 and then set the refugee ceiling at 18,000. Continuing the trend, there were only 11,840 admissions in 2020 – fewer than in any other year on the list, partly due to restrictions set in place to curb the worldwide coronavirus pandemic.
Click here to see how many refugees the US accepted each year since 1980
Click here to read our detailed methodology
Source: Bryn Colton / Hulton Archive via Getty Images
1980
> Refugees:207,116
> US population: 227,225,000
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1981
> Refugees:159,252
> US population: 229,466,000
Source: Photo by Michel Setboum / Getty Images
1982
> Refugees:98,096
> US population: 231,664,000
Source: Chip Somodevilla / Getty Images News via Getty Images
1983
> Refugees:61,218
> US population: 233,792,000
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Source: Keystone / Hulton Archive via Getty Images
1984
> Refugees:70,393
> US population: 235,825,000
Source: Keystone / Hulton Archive via Getty Images
1985
> Refugees:67,704
> US population: 237,924,000
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Source: Keystone / Hulton Archive via Getty Images
1986
> Refugees:62,146
> US population: 240,133,000
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Source: Fortgens Photography / iStock via Getty Images
1987
> Refugees:64,528
> US population: 242,289,000
Source: Alex Wong / Hulton Archive via Getty Images
1988
> Refugees:76,483
> US population: 244,499,000
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Source: Natalie Behring / Getty Images
1989
> Refugees:107,070
> US population: 246,819,000
Source: Oli Scarff / Getty Images
1990
> Refugees:122,066
> US population: 249,623,000
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Source: Fortgens Photography / iStock via Getty Images
1991
> Refugees:113,389
> US population: 252,981,000
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1992
> Refugees: 115,548
> US population: 256,514,000
Source: Michael Nagle / Getty Images News via Getty Images
1993
> Refugees: 114,181
> US population: 259,919,000
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1994
> Refugees: 111,680
> US population: 263,126,000
Source: Spencer Platt / Getty Images News via Getty Images
1995
> Refugees: 98,973
> US population: 266,278,000
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1996
> Refugees: 75,421
> US population: 269,394,000
Source: John Moore / Getty Images News via Getty Images
1997
> Refugees: 69,653
> US population: 272,657,000
Source: Lisa Maree Williams / Getty Images News via Getty Images
1998
> Refugees: 76,712
> US population: 275,854,000
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Source: David McNew / Hulton Archive via Getty Images
1999
> Refugees: 85,285
> US population: 279,040,000
Source: groveb / E+ via Getty Images
2000
> Refugees:72,165
> US population: 282,162,411
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Source: Spencer Platt / Getty Images
2001
> Refugees:68,920
> US population: 284,968,955
Source: Abid Katib / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2002
> Refugees:26,785
> US population: 287,625,193
Source: Abid Katib / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2003
> Refugees:28,286
> US population: 290,107,933
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Source: Scott Nelson / Getty Images
2004
> Refugees:52,840
> US population: 292,805,298
Source: Paula Bronstein / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2005
> Refugees:53,738
> US population: 295,516,599
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Source: Paula Bronstein / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2006
> Refugees:41,094
> US population: 298,379,912
Source: Uriel Sinai / Getty Images
2007
> Refugees:48,218
> US population: 301,231,207
Source: Wathiq Khuzaie / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2008
> Refugees:60,107
> US population: 304,093,966
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Source: Spencer Platt / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2009
> Refugees:74,602
> US population: 306,771,529
Source: John Moore / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2010
> Refugees:73,293
> US population: 309,327,143
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Source: John Moore / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2011
> Refugees:56,384
> US population: 311,583,481
Source: Paula Bronstein / Getty Images
2012
> Refugees:58,179
> US population: 313,877,662
Source: John Moore / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2013
> Refugees:69,909
> US population: 316,059,947
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Source: Spencer Platt / Getty Images
2014
> Refugees:69,975
> US population: 318,386,329
Source: Jeff J Mitchell / Getty Images
2015
> Refugees:69,920
> US population: 320,738,994
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Source: Spencer Platt / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2016
> Refugees:84,989
> US population: 323,071,755
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Source: Photo by Betsy Joles / Getty Images
2017
> Refugees:53,691
> US population: 325,122,128
Source: John Moore / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2018
> Refugees:22,405
> US population: 326,838,199
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Source: Joe Raedle / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2019
> Refugees:29,916
> US population: 328,329,953
Source: Brent Stirton / Getty Images News via Getty Images
2020
> Refugees:11,840
> US population: 329,484,123
Methodology
To determine the number of refugees the U.S. accepted each year since 1980, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed annual refugee arrivals from the Department of Homeland Security’s Yearbook of Immigration Statistics 2020 for fiscal years 1980 through 2020.
The DHS notes that the figures are based on refugee arrival date. Certain refugee applicants who arrived in FY 2020 are counted for that year and not towards the FY 2018 refugee admissions ceiling. The number of refugees excludes Amerasian immigrants except in fiscal years 1989 to 1991.
Refugee data in this report may differ slightly from numbers reported by the Department of State. DOS refugee numbers include Amerasians (children born in Cambodia, Korea, Laos, Thailand, or Vietnam after Dec. 31, 1950, and before Oct. 22, 1982, and fathered by a U.S. citizen), whereas DHS reports Amerasians as lawful permanent residents.
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