A 68-year-old married couple sits on a $2 million dividend portfolio generating $96,000 of annual income at a 4.8% blended yield, mostly qualified dividends from broad-market dividend ETFs with roughly 30% in REITs. Combined Social Security adds $54,000 a year. Of that $150,000 gross, how much actually lands in the checking account each year, and how much of the gap between Texas and California shows up after every layer of tax?
The Federal Layer (Identical in Both States)
Federal rules do not change with the zip code, as the 2026 standard deduction for married filing jointly is $32,200, with additional amounts for taxpayers 65 and older. Roughly 85% of the $54,000 Social Security benefit, or about $45,900, is included in taxable income at this income level.
The portfolio splits into two tax buckets. The non-REIT dividend stream, around $67,000, is qualified and falls within the 0% to 15% long-term capital gains tax brackets. The REIT distributions, around $29,000, are taxed as ordinary income. When layered together, federal taxes total nearly $12,800. Medicare premiums stay at the standard rate because the modified adjusted gross income falls outside any IRMAA surcharge tier.
Texas: No State Income Tax
Texas imposes no personal income tax, so dividends, Social Security, IRA withdrawals, and capital gains pass through untouched at the state level. The Tax Foundation ranks Texas 7th overall and tied for 1st in individual income tax, but 40th in property tax.
The math on take-home: $96,000 in dividends plus $54,000 in Social Security minus $12,800 federal minus $0 state equals $137,200 of spendable income. The cost-of-living index for Texas runs at 97.057, slightly below the national average.
California: Every Dollar Taxed
California taxes all of it, including Social Security in some calculations, dividends regardless of qualified status, and REIT income, with marginal rates climbing to 13.3%. On roughly $109,600 of state-taxable income, the top slice is subject to the 9.3% marginal rate, with a blended effective rate of around 7%. State tax comes in near $7,200.
Net spendable income: $96,000 plus $54,000 minus $12,800 federal, minus $7,200 state equals $130,000. California’s cost-of-living index is 110.72, the third-highest in the nation, behind only Hawaii and D.C.
The $7,200 Annual Gap
The income-side differential is $7,200 per year, or roughly $180,000 across 25 retirement years, with a present value of $130,000 to $150,000. The gap widens in years with realized capital gains, Roth conversions, or large 401(k) distributions, since California taxes those at its highest marginal rate while Texas does not touch them.
Property tax cuts the other direction, as Texas property taxes run 1.8% to 2.5% of assessed value annually (among the highest in the nation), while California’s Proposition 13 caps the assessed-value growth on long-held homes. For a couple with a paid-off California house held for decades, the property tax savings can offset much of the income tax gap. For a couple buying fresh produce in either state, the math shifts back toward Texas.
Estate and Relocation Considerations
Neither state imposes a state estate tax. The 2026 federal estate exclusion is $15 million per decedent, the only estate-level layer available to residents of either state. Couples relocating from Hawaii, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Vermont, Washington, Oregon, Maine, Rhode Island, Minnesota, Illinois, or New Jersey pick up estate-tax savings on top of income-tax savings.
Three Actions for the Couple Running This Math
- Model the property tax swap on a specific home. The income tax gap is real, but a long-held Proposition 13 home in California can offset most of it. New buyers in Texas often pay more in property tax than they would have paid in California income tax.
- Establish bona fide residency before any large taxable event. California aggressively audits departing residents who time gains around the move, so the order of operations matters more than the move itself.
- Re-run the federal math against the 4.4% 10-year Treasury yield. A portion of the portfolio held in Treasuries pays federally taxable but state-tax-free interest, which narrows the Texas advantage and is worth modeling explicitly for a California resident.
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