In addition to causing almost seven million deaths worldwide (so far), shutting down countless businesses of every kind, and redefining social intercourse in ways that may turn out to be permanent, the coronavirus pandemic — for obvious reasons — brought most international travel to a halt.
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), international travel declined by as much as 75% last year, receding to levels of 30 years ago. Today, with increased availability of vaccines and the loosening of COVID-era restrictions, people are starting to take to the airways again, and there is hope for a significant revival in travel later this year. (Look at these 50 ways air travel has changed over the last 100 years.)
Airlines are resuming international flights and hiring hundreds of pilots. Countries are developing vaccine certification programs to help encourage and streamline the admission process. However, according to the UNWTO, “a return to 2019 levels in terms of international arrivals could take 2½ to 4 years.”
Click here to see the most traveled countries before the pandemic
What were those 2019 levels? 24/7 Tempo looked at international departure statistics for some 168 countries worldwide to learn which nation’s citizens traveled beyond its borders the most. All but four of the top 27 are European, with tiny Luxembourg (population 613,894) sending the most people abroad. (These are the world’s busiest air routes right now.)
Note that the rankings are on a per capita basis, so countries with a considerably higher total number of departures — like the U.S. — aren’t included, as their populations are large enough to keep the per capita numbers low.
To identify the most traveled countries before the pandemic, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the index calculated by Nomad Capitalists, a tax and immigration consultancy company, that tracks total international departures adjusted to the population per capita. 2019 GDP per capita in current U.S. dollars comes from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Â
Source: RossHelen / Getty Images
27. Romania
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.19
> Intl’ departures: 23,066,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $12,920 — #54 out of 168 countries
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Source: Olena_Znak / Getty Images
26. Netherlands
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.20
> Intl’ departures: 20,871,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $52,331 — #11 out of 168 countries
Source: orpheus26 / Getty Images
25. Belgium
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.24
> Intl’ departures: 14,191,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $46,421 — #16 out of 168 countries
Source: KavalenkavaVolha / Getty Images
24. Latvia
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.25
> Intl’ departures: 2,384,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $17,829 — #42 out of 168 countries
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Source: KavalenkavaVolha / Getty Images
23. Estonia
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.28
> Intl’ departures: 1,702,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $23,723 — #32 out of 168 countries
Source: bluejayphoto / Getty Images
22. Germany
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.31
> Intl’ departures: 108,542,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $46,445 — #15 out of 168 countries
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Source: nejdetduzen / Getty Images
21. Cyprus
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.32
> Intl’ departures: 1,578,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $27,858 — #30 out of 168 countries
Source: Xantana / Getty Images
20. Poland
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.33
> Intl’ departures: 50,600,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $15,693 — #49 out of 168 countries
Source: Mostafameraji / Wikimedia Commons
19. Oman
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.33
> Intl’ departures: 6,633,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $15,343 — #50 out of 168 countries
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Source: Mustang_79 / Getty Images
18. Austria
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.34
> Intl’ departures: 11,902,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $50,138 — #13 out of 168 countries
Source: IakovKalinin / Getty Images
17. United Kingdom
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.39
> Intl’ departures: 93,086,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $42,330 — #20 out of 168 countries
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Source: danilovi / Getty Images
16. Malta
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.54
> Intl’ departures: 774,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $29,821 — #28 out of 168 countries
Source: cookelma / Getty Images
15. Norway
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.66
> Intl’ departures: 8,890,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $75,420 — #4 out of 168 countries
Source: Boyloso / Getty Images
14. Iceland
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.69
> Intl’ departures: 611,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $66,945 — #5 out of 168 countries
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Source: vikau / Getty Images
13. Lithuania
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.75
> Intl’ departures: 4,881,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $19,602 — #38 out of 168 countries
Source: Leonid Andronov / Getty Images
12. Bahrain
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.80
> Intl’ departures: 2,950,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $23,504 — #33 out of 168 countries
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Source: scanrail / Getty Images
11. Sweden
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.85
> Intl’ departures: 19,061,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $51,615 — #12 out of 168 countries
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Source: scanrail / Getty Images
10. Denmark
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.86
> Intl’ departures: 10,818,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $60,170 — #9 out of 168 countries
Source: Jui-Chi Chan / Getty Images
9. Singapore
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.88
> Intl’ departures: 10,711,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $65,233 — #7 out of 168 countries
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Source: scanrail / Getty Images
8. Finland
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.89
> Intl’ departures: 10,440,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $48,783 — #14 out of 168 countries
Source: benstevens / Getty Images
7. Ireland
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.89
> Intl’ departures: 9,350,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $78,661 — #3 out of 168 countries
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Source: JandaliPhoto / Getty Images
6. United Arab Emirates
> Intl’ departures per capita: 1.93
> Intl’ departures: 18,902,600
> 2019 GDP per capita: $43,103 — #19 out of 168 countries
Source: master2 / Getty Images
5. Albania
> Intl’ departures per capita: 2.07
> Intl’ departures: 5,922,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $5,353 — #92 out of 168 countries
Source: AleksandarGeorgiev / Getty Images
4. Switzerland
> Intl’ departures per capita: 2.31
> Intl’ departures: 19,797,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $81,994 — #2 out of 168 countries
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Source: TomasSereda / Getty Images
3. Hungary
> Intl’ departures per capita: 2.54
> Intl’ departures: 24,860,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $16,732 — #46 out of 168 countries
Source: Remedios / Getty Images
2. Slovenia
> Intl’ departures per capita: 2.90
> Intl’ departures: 6,049,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $25,946 — #31 out of 168 countries
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Source: tibu / Getty Images
1. Luxembourg
> Intl’ departures per capita: 4.11
> Intl’ departures: 2,548,000
> 2019 GDP per capita: $114,705 — #1 out of 168 countries
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