Novavax Plunges 12% as Selloff Hits Vaccine Makers; Moderna Tumbles 10%, Pfizer Holds Steady

Vaccine stocks are under heavy pressure, and the smallest name in the group is taking the heaviest losses. Novavax (NASDAQ:NVAX) stock is down 12% to $11.23 in afternoon trading, leading the slide among vaccine developers. That decline stands out because Novavax relies on a partner to sell its main vaccine.

Meanwhile, Moderna (NASDAQ:MRNA | MRNA Price Prediction) stock is down 10% to $212.80, a drop only slightly smaller than the one hitting Novavax stock. Pfizer (NYSE:PFE) stock is up 0.5% to $29.59, holding steady while Novavax stock and Moderna stock sink.

Sanofi (NASDAQ:SNY) is Novavax’s licensing partner, and it holds the U.S. approval for Novavax’s protein-based Nuvaxovid COVID vaccine. The French drugmaker is also rolling the shot out in the United Kingdom, Germany and Canada. Such reach makes Sanofi’s commercial effort central to Novavax’s long-term revenue.

Citi Holds Sell Rating While Lifting Its Target

Citi kept its Sell rating on Novavax on Thursday while raising its price target. It was a mixed signal that came just before the selloff. A higher target shows the firm finds more value in the business than it did before, but the Sell call signals that Citi still expects Novavax shares to lag.

Novavax collects royalties and milestone payments while partners manufacture and sell its vaccine, whereas Moderna and Pfizer run their own commercial operations. That model keeps Novavax lean, since commercial activities transitioned to Sanofi. It also means the company’s results rise and fall with decisions made inside a partner’s organization.

Partner demand for Novavax’s Matrix-M adjuvant adds a second revenue stream beyond Nuvaxovid royalties. Internally, Novavax is developing a C. difficile vaccine candidate, though that program remains at an early stage. Neither effort is large enough yet to rival the weight Sanofi carries in Novavax’s revenue mix.

Vaccine Names Fall Far Harder Than Biotech

The iShares Biotechnology ETF (NASDAQ:IBB) is down 2%, a much softer decline than the drops in Novavax shares and Moderna shares. At the same time, the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (NYSEARCA:SPY) is down 0.6%, a modest dip for the broad market. That gap shows the heaviest selling is concentrated among vaccine developers such as Novavax and Moderna.

Novavax stock is falling well ahead of the biotech fund, which suggests company-level pressure is adding to the group weakness, and Citi’s reaffirmed Sell rating gives Novavax shareholders one concrete development to weigh against that background.

Bull and Bear Cases Run Through Sanofi

The upside for Novavax rests on royalties from Sanofi’s Nuvaxovid sales, which could grow as the shot reaches patients in more countries. A large partner with an established vaccine business gives Novavax commercial reach it couldn’t easily rebuild alone. Sanofi’s development progress could also unlock milestone payments that add cash on top of those royalties.

Skeptics counter that Novavax’s revenue depends on partner milestones. Those milestones arrive on Sanofi’s timeline, so Novavax can’t fully predict when that cash lands. That uncertainty helps explain why Novavax stock can swing sharply when sentiment toward vaccine makers shifts.

Sanofi’s Rollout Sets the Path for Novavax

Novavax now faces the question of whether Sanofi’s Nuvaxovid rollout lifts royalty payments. Sanofi’s push into the United Kingdom, Germany and Canada is still developing, so the royalty picture may take time to fill in.

Until then, investors may want to keep their positions in Novavax stock modest, weighing royalty upside against milestone timing risk. Watch for whether Citi updates its Sell rating as those trends become clearer.

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