A 72-Year-Old Couple With $900,000 in IRAs Converts Nothing. Their Kids Inherit the Tax Bill Instead.

A 72-year-old couple sitting on $900,000 in traditional IRAs faces a decision most retirees quietly skip: whether to pay taxes now, at rates they can predict and control, or pass the bill to their children at rates no one can reliably forecast. Choosing to do nothing is itself an active choice. It moves a large, unrealized tax liability onto the next generation, and under current law, that liability comes due on a compressed schedule most heirs are simply not prepared to handle.

Start with where the couple stands in 2026. If Social Security and a modest pension keep their taxable income below $100,800, every dollar of ordinary income falls inside the 12% bracket for married couples filing jointly. The 22% bracket runs from $100,801 to $211,400, and the 24% bracket extends to $403,550. The base standard deduction for married filers is $32,200 in 2026, and each spouse aged 65 or older can claim an additional $1,650 on top of that. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act also introduced a temporary senior bonus deduction of $6,000 per qualifying individual (up to $12,000 combined for married couples filing jointly), available in full to those with modified adjusted gross income at or below $150,000. The deduction phases out gradually above that threshold and disappears entirely at $250,000 MAGI for joint filers. It is available for tax years 2025 through 2028 only. Taken together, a retired couple at this income level may hold far more room to convert IRA dollars to Roth at 12% or 22% than they realize, and that room closes in 2029.

The Math of Doing Nothing

At 72, required minimum distributions are close but not yet mandatory. SECURE 2.0 pushed the RMD start age to 73 for most current retirees, leaving this couple a narrow window in which their income is often near its lifetime low. Once RMDs begin, they stack on top of Social Security and pension income and push taxable income higher, often involuntarily crossing bracket thresholds the couple never intended to reach. The 2.8% Social Security COLA for 2026 nudges that process along, since more of each benefit dollar becomes taxable as combined income rises. Looking ahead, the Social Security Administration has already announced a 3.6% COLA for 2027, which will accelerate that drift into higher bracket territory.

The couple who converts nothing keeps that pre-RMD window closed. The IRA continues to grow tax-deferred, which sounds beneficial in isolation. The better frame is to recognize the balance for what it actually is: a partnership with the IRS in which the government’s share is determined by whatever rates apply when the money finally comes out. The larger the balance grows, the larger the government’s cut.

What the Heirs Actually Inherit

When both spouses die, non-spouse beneficiaries (typically the children) inherit under the SECURE Act’s 10-year rule. The full balance must be distributed within a decade. IRS final regulations, effective January 1, 2025, added an important wrinkle: if the original IRA owner died after their required beginning date for RMDs, heirs must take annual distributions in years one through nine and fully empty the account by year ten. Because this couple will almost certainly reach RMD age before they die, the stricter annual-withdrawal path is the one their children will most likely face, not the more flexible all-at-once option available in some other circumstances.

For adult children in their peak earning years, layering inherited IRA distributions on top of salaries that already sit in the 24%, 32%, or 35% brackets creates a compounding tax problem. The 32% bracket for married couples begins at $403,551, and 35% starts at $512,451. A child earning $250,000 who inherits a share of the $900,000 balance can easily see the marginal rate on those forced distributions land at 32% or higher, year after year for a decade.

The arithmetic is blunt: the parents avoided paying 22% or 24% on conversions during their sixties and early seventies. Their children pay 32% or 35% during their forties and fifties. The tax bill moved, and it grew.

Why 2026 Is a Practical Window

Several macro developments give this decision more weight than usual. The Federal Reserve raised the target range for the federal funds rate to 3.75%–4.00% on September 16, 2026, its first hike since 2023, citing persistently elevated inflation driven in part by energy prices. The Fed’s updated dot plot signals the possibility of one more 25-basis-point increase before year-end, with most officials projecting a year-end rate between 4.1% and 4.4%. The 10-year Treasury yield has responded, climbing from roughly 5% at the time of the hike to around 5.2% in mid-October 2026, near its highest level since 2007. Cash and short-duration bonds held outside a converted Roth can generate meaningful income at these yields, potentially enough to cover the conversion tax without tapping principal.

The current bracket structure adds another layer of context. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, signed into law on July 4, 2025, made the TCJA’s lower rates and wider brackets permanent, removing the sunset cliff that once loomed at the end of 2025. That permanence is reassuring in one sense: today’s rates are the confirmed baseline. It also means Congress can still revise the code from that baseline at any point, and no one can be certain whether future rates rise or hold. Planning around the known beats betting on the unknown, particularly with the temporary senior bonus deduction set to expire after 2028.

What to Do With the Window

Three moves fit most couples in this position. First, calculate how much room remains in the 22% or 24% bracket after accounting for Social Security, pension, and investment income, then convert up to that ceiling each year. Second, front-load conversions before RMDs begin at 73, because once distributions start, they consume bracket space that could otherwise be used for conversions. Third, coordinate with a tax professional on IRMAA thresholds, since Medicare premiums step up at defined income levels and a large single-year conversion can trigger a two-year premium surcharge that offsets some of the tax savings.

A couple who converts nothing may be right about the arithmetic for any single tax year. The problem is the arithmetic of the estate. The $900,000 balance carries a growth rate and an embedded tax liability, and the SECURE Act’s 10-year rule, now with a mandatory annual distribution requirement for most heirs, determines who ultimately writes the check and at what rate.

Editor’s note: This article was updated to reflect the SSA’s announcement of a 3.6% Social Security COLA for 2027, the full phase-out range for the OBBBA senior bonus deduction (which disappears entirely at $250,000 MAGI for joint filers and expires after 2028), and the rise in the 10-year Treasury yield to approximately 5.2% in mid-October 2026 from roughly 5% at the time of the Fed’s September 16 rate hike.

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