The number that should change how Americans think about their finances is the share of U.S. adults who have done nothing to direct what happens to their money, their medical care, or their children if they were not here tomorrow. According to the Trust & Will 2026 Estate Planning Report, a national survey of 5,000 U.S. adults conducted in late January and early February 2026, 56% of U.S. adults have none of the five core estate planning documents: no will, no trust, no medical power of attorney, no financial power of attorney, and no HIPAA authorization.
That figure is essentially unchanged from 2025. The flatness is the finding. Awareness is high, online tools are cheap, and adoption still has not moved.
What the Headline Number Hides
A single document is the most common entry point. Will ownership is the clearest basic measure, and it appears to be slipping rather than rising. Trust ownership rising while will ownership falls suggests that the people who are acting are often moving straight to more complete planning, while the middle of the market remains stuck. The one-document household is still common, but it is not becoming more common.
Caring.com’s long-running tracker points the same way. The 2025 Wills and Estate Planning Study found that fewer Americans have a will than in 2022. Two different surveys, two different methods, same direction: the most basic estate document is becoming less common, not more.
Generation Gaps That Defy the Stereotype
Gen X carries the largest preparedness gap of any cohort:
- Gen X: 62% have no estate planning documents
- Millennials: 58% have no documents
- Gen Z: 54% have no documents
- Baby Boomers: 48% have no documents
Gen X carries the largest preparedness gap of any cohort. Gen X sits in the middle of the wealth curve, often with dependent children, aging parents, and mortgages, and is the group most exposed to the consequences of dying intestate. Yet they are the least likely to have addressed it. Younger cohorts are less likely to talk about the subject at all, which makes planning even easier to postpone.
The Financial Backdrop
Estate planning costs money and attention, and Americans have less of both right now. The personal savings rate is low, household spending remains elevated, and consumer sentiment has weakened. That backdrop matters because financial anxiety tends to suppress planning behavior rather than accelerate it. When people feel stretched, estate documents are easy to postpone until a crisis makes them unavoidable.
That backdrop matters because financial anxiety tends to suppress planning behavior rather than accelerate it. 45% of Americans say they are more financially concerned than a year ago, while the share feeling less worried collapsed from 19% in 2025 to 8% in 2026. The instinct under stress is to defer anything that feels optional, and estate documents almost always feel optional until they are not.
What the Gap Looks Like in Practice
The cost of no plan is borne by survivors. If someone dies without a will, state intestacy laws determine who inherits, courts may appoint guardians for minor children, and assets often pass through probate, a process that can take time and incur legal fees. The data does not predict a turnaround. As ownership is falling, the no-document share remains high, and the generation with the most to protect is still the least protected.
A household with even one document, typically a will or a medical directive, is already ahead of more than half of American adults. A household with the full set is in a small minority. That is the simplest way to read the gap, and it is why the headline number matters more than it sounds at first.
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