10. Slovenia
> Disapproval rating: 54.0%
> GDP per capita: $29,658
> Unemployment rate: 9.8%
> Life expectancy: 80.3 years

A majority of Slovenian survey respondents said they did not approve of the United States’ leadership. Despite the country’s status as a major ally in NATO and a member of the EU, Slovenia’s disapproval rating of 54% was the 10th highest of the 135 countries reviewed. Like several other countries disliking the U.S., Yugoslavia, which included Slovenia, once had close diplomatic ties to the Soviet Union. Many residents have likely not forgotten the tensions during the Cold War. Slovenia was also hit hard by the European financial crisis, with public debt as a percentage of GDP growing from 22% in 2008 to 63% in 2013. This may also have contributed to the poor approval rating, as countries suffering financially are less likely to look favorably on the wealthiest nation in the world, according to Holliday.

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9. Tajikistan
> Disapproval rating: 54.0%
> GDP per capita: $2,536
> Unemployment rate: N/A
> Life expectancy: 67.4 years

Disapproval of the United States rose from 39% in 2013 to 54% in 2014 in this primarily Sunni Muslim, landlocked Central Asian country. Tajikistan’s perception of The U.S. was not alone in suffering last year. Approval of the EU also fell 15 percentage points to 32%, and approval of China slipped 11 percentage points to 61%. The U.S. and Russia are competing to provide what Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Central Asia Daniel Rosenblum described as “security cooperation” with Tajikistan. Tajikistan is one of 17 countries — six of which are former Soviet republics — in which the majority of respondents approved of Russia’s leadership. Some 93% of Tajik respondents approved of Russia’s leadership, the strongest such approval rating of any country. Tajikistan is one of the poorest former Soviet bloc countries with a struggling economy, corruption, power shortages, and other problems. It has the lowest GDP of the countries disapproving of the United States.

8. Austria
> Disapproval rating: 55.0%
> GDP per capita: $45,789
> Unemployment rate: 5.0%
> Life expectancy: 80.9 years

Disapproval of the United States rose nine percentage points from 2013 to 55% in 2014 in this Central European country, which was once the seat of power for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following its defeat in World War I, the Empire was split and Austria became a smaller republic. It was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938 and then occupied by the Allies at the end of World War II in 1945. It joined the EU in 1995. U.S. officials have been critical of Austria for continuing to trade with Iran and North Korea and for permitting the wanted leader of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) to leave Austria. In addition to being one of the countries with the highest disapproval ratings of the U.S., Austria was also one of the 10 countries with the highest disapproval rating of China with 70% of respondents turning thumbs down on Chinese leadership. Austria is also somewhat of an outlier on this list, as it is neither a former Soviet Republic, nor a predominantly Islamic nation.