The United States possesses one of the most powerful military forces on earth, exceeding all others in expenditure. Its defense spending surpasses the combined sum of the next eight countries. However, a significant portion of this outlay is directed towards “force multipliers,” utilizing cutting-edge technology to amplify the combat efficacy of individual soldiers. The United States is surpassed in total manpower by some more populous countries, notably China, but it still ranks fifth overall. Adjusted for population, the U.S., despite being the third most populous nation, doesn’t even rank in the top 25 for military enrollment.
The United States has one of the largest militaries on Earth. In terms of spending, no other nation even comes close — The United States spends more each year on defense than the next eight countries combined. But much of that spending has to do with what the military refers to as “force multipliers” meaning using the latest technology to increase the relative fighting power of each soldier. In terms of raw manpower, the United States is surpassed by some more populous countries, notably China, but still ranks fifth overall in total manpower. But the United States is also the third most populous nation on Earth. (Here are the countries with the biggest armies in the world.) After adjusting for population, it isn’t even in the top 25 for military enrollment.
To identify the 25 nations with the most military personnel per capita, 24/7 Wall St. used annual armed forces and population data from the World Bank. The list consists of countries where armed forces personnel constitute at least 1% of the population. Many on this list have smaller populations, with seven having under 3 million people. Thirteen nations have populations less than 10 million. Russia, the ninth most populous nation, ranks 23rd, with almost 1.5 million, or 1%, of its population serving as armed forces personnel.
As of 2019, the most recent available data from the World Bank as of the time of this writing, Ukraine’s military encompassed 311,000 individuals, accounting for 0.7% of its population. To bolster troop numbers following the Russian invasion, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy mandated conscription for reservists aged 18-60. Russia, too, added 134,500 conscripts into its army, with officials asserting this was part of the annual spring draft, unrelated to the ongoing conflict.
Both countries have suffered significant losses so far, though casualty figures are difficult to determine. There’s no doubt, however, that Russia has a much larger population to draw on for military service, since its population aged 15-64 is more than 96 million, compared to Ukraine’s less than 30 million. (here are the latest Ukrainian and Russian vehicle losses during the war, as of August.)
Click here to see the countries where the most people serve in the military
Click here to read our detailed methodology
Source: Goldquest / iStock Editorial via Getty Images
25. Myanmar
> Pct. military personnel: 1.0% (513,000 personnel)
> Population: 54,045,422 — #26 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 36,790,823 — #26 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $3.0 billion — #54 highest of 163 countries
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Source: dalomo84 / iStock Editorial via Getty Images
24. Colombia
> Pct. military personnel: 1.0% (481,000 personnel)
> Population: 50,339,443 — #29 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 34,539,596 — #27 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $10.0 billion — #25 highest of 163 countries
23. Russia
> Pct. military personnel: 1.0% (1,454,000 personnel)
> Population: 144,406,261 — #9 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 96,392,551 — #9 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $63.5 billion — #4 highest of 163 countries
22. Singapore
> Pct. military personnel: 1.0% (59,000 personnel)
> Population: 5,703,569 — #111 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 4,293,383 — #106 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $10.7 billion — #23 highest of 163 countries
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Source: Jordan Pix / Getty Images
21. Jordan
> Pct. military personnel: 1.1% (116,000 personnel)
> Population: 10,101,697 — #88 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 6,318,040 — #90 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $2.2 billion — #62 highest of 163 countries
20. Bahrain
> Pct. military personnel: 1.2% (19,000 personnel)
> Population: 1,641,164 — #145 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 1,292,622 — #141 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $1.4 billion — #72 highest of 163 countries
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Source: urf / iStock via Getty Images
19. Cambodia
> Pct. military personnel: 1.2% (191,000 personnel)
> Population: 16,486,542 — #68 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 10,581,563 — #64 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $628.4 million — #88 highest of 163 countries
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Source: tanukiphoto / iStock via Getty Images
18. Lebanon
> Pct. military personnel: 1.2% (80,000 personnel)
> Population: 6,855,709 — #105 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 4,603,916 — #99 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $1.9 billion — #64 highest of 163 countries *Military expenditure for 2019
Source: Chung Sung-Jun / Getty Images News via Getty Images
17. South Korea
> Pct. military personnel: 1.2% (613,000 personnel)
> Population: 51,709,098 — #28 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 37,330,545 — #25 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $47.7 billion — #10 highest of 163 countries
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Source: emarys / iStock Editorial via Getty Images
16. Venezuela
> Pct. military personnel: 1.2% (343,000 personnel)
> Population: 28,515,829 — #49 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 18,530,950 — #44 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $2.1 billion — #63 highest of 163 countries *Military expenditure for 2017
Source: Sean Gallup / Getty Images News via Getty Images
15. Lithuania
> Pct. military personnel: 1.3% (37,000 personnel)
> Population: 2,794,137 — #134 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 1,807,978 — #134 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $1.2 billion — #76 highest of 163 countries
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Source: bodrumsurf / iStock Editorial via Getty Images
14. Cyprus
> Pct. military personnel: 1.3% (16,000 personnel)
> Population: 1,198,574 — #151 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 829,948 — #149 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $490.5 million — #94 highest of 163 countries
Source: au_unistphotostream / Flickr
13. Djibouti
> Pct. military personnel: 1.3% (13,000 personnel)
> Population: 973,557 — #152 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 644,358 — #152 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $36.3 million — #146 highest of 163 countries *Military expenditure for 2008
Source: SanerG / iStock via Getty Images
12. Greece
> Pct. military personnel: 1.4% (147,000 personnel)
> Population: 10,721,582 — #84 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 6,879,174 — #83 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $7.7 billion — #30 highest of 163 countries
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Source: ertyo5 / iStock Unreleased via Getty Images
11. Sri Lanka
> Pct. military personnel: 1.5% (317,000 personnel)
> Population: 21,803,000 — #56 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 14,216,588 — #54 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $1.6 billion — #69 highest of 163 countries
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> Pct. military personnel: 1.6% (269,000 personnel)
> Population: 17,070,132 — #66 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 10,967,579 — #62 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $2.5 billion — #59 highest of 163 countries *Military expenditure for 2011
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Source: Alex Potemkin / iStock via Getty Images
9. Belarus
> Pct. military personnel: 1.6% (155,000 personnel)
> Population: 9,419,758 — #93 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 6,383,095 — #89 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $726.6 million — #84 highest of 163 countries
24/7 Wall St.Source: Joel Carillet / iStock Unreleased via Getty Images
8. Armenia
> Pct. military personnel: 1.7% (49,000 personnel)
> Population: 2,957,728 — #130 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 2,003,872 — #130 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $600.8 million — #91 highest of 163 countries
Source: statephotos / Flickr
7. South Sudan
> Pct. military personnel: 1.7% (185,000 personnel)
> Population: 11,062,114 — #82 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 6,090,263 — #92 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $141.3 million — #126 highest of 163 countries
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Source: Kantarote / Getty Images
6. Lao PDR
> Pct. military personnel: 1.8% (129,000 personnel)
> Population: 7,169,456 — #101 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 4,554,972 — #101 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $22.7 million — #151 highest of 163 countries
Source: Goldquest / iStock Editorial via Getty Images
5. Brunei
> Pct. military personnel: 1.8% (8,000 personnel)
> Population: 433,296 — #160 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 312,730 — #160 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $438.0 million — #98 highest of 163 countries
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Source: CatEyePerspective / iStock Editorial via Getty Images
4. Montenegro
> Pct. military personnel: 1.9% (12,000 personnel)
> Population: 622,028 — #155 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 413,404 — #156 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $93.0 million — #133 highest of 163 countries
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Source: Joel Carillet / E+ via Getty Images
3. Israel
> Pct. military personnel: 2.0% (178,000 personnel)
> Population: 9,054,000 — #95 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 5,423,867 — #97 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $22.5 billion — #15 highest of 163 countries
Source: Chung Sung-Jun / Getty Images
2. North Korea
> Pct. military personnel: 5.7% (1,469,000 personnel)
> Population: 25,666,158 — #53 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 18,158,455 — #46 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $1.6 billion — #68 highest of 163 countries *Military expenditure for 2018
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Source: HomoCosmicos / iStock via Getty Images
1. Eritrea
> Pct. military personnel: 6.3% (202,000 personnel)
> Population: 3,213,969 — #129 largest of 163 countries
> Population 15-64: 1,791,317 — #135 largest of 163 countries
> Military expenditure: $181.6 million — #122 highest of 163 countries *Population data is for 2011, military expenditure data for 2003
Methodology
To find countries where the most people serve in the military per capita, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed armed forces personnel data from the World Bank. Armed forces personnel are active-duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces that may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Because armed forces personnel were for 2019, the most recent year of data available, we used World Bank population data for that year as well.
Military expenditure data came from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Military Expenditure Database and is in current U.S. dollars for 2021. When unavailable, we used military expenditure data for earlier years from the World Bank, also in current USD.
We also added each country’s population aged 15-64 – population that can be considered as potentially available personnel – from the World Bank.
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